Preparation Of Environment-Friendly Nano-Composites And Their Applications

With the development of modern life standard and industrial civilization, environmental pollutions have been one of the common concerned problems in the worldwide. Presently, as typical environmental contaminants, the recalcitrant and high toxic pesticide residues, organic dye contaminants and heavy metal ions from aqueous systems have attracted intensive attention. Synthesis of all kinds of new composites to realize the detection and the removal of the pollutions has around great concerns by researchers, especially environment-friendly novel nano-composites.Many studies indicate that the exploitation of environment-friendly nanostructured materials has become a key issue in a simple and controllable approach, playing important roles for the treatment of environmental pollutants.Based on the above knowledge, the detailed investigations of this thesis are as follows:1. A highly sensitive and selective biosensor for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) has been developed, whereby newly synthesized crossed BiOI nanoflake arrays (BiOI NFs) are fabricated as a photoactive electrode via a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) approach. The smart integration of BiOI NFs with biomolecules acetylcholinesterase (AChE) yields a novel AChE-BiOI NFs hybrid, constructing a three-dimensional (3D) porous network biosensing platform. The detection limit was found to be as low as about0.04ngmL1(S/N=3).2. Hierarchically structured magnetite-carbonaceous microspheres (Fe3O4-C MSs) have been synthesized through an injection-assisted approach coupled with a simple annealing procedure. Each sphere contains numerous unique rattle-type structured magnetic particles, realizing the perfect integration of rattle-type building unit into microspheres. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacity of the composite toward Pb2+was-9.76mg g-1when the initial Pb2+concentration was10.0mg L-1, displaying a high efficiency for the removal of heavy metal ions.3. We further developed a novel E-Fenton system by using the synthesized rattle-type structured magnetite-carbonaceous microspheres (Fe3O4-C MSs) as cathode. The present E-Feton system exhibits high-performance effect on the degradation of RhB, indicating that this system provides a very promising and facile route for wastewater treatment.