Research On Dynamic Variation Of Air Pollution Exposure Equity Distribution Pattern

Abstract:Air pollution exposure equity spatial pattern is an important part of contexts for environmental health geographical information systerm. Researches on evaluation of air pollution exposure equity mostly analyze air pollution exposure disparity of population groups who live in the different socio-economic context in the given region at the specific time, which cannott reveal spatio-temporal dynamic discipline on the regional population air pollution exposure characteristics. Consequently, current air pollution exposure equity assessment, to a certain extent, cannot provide scientific basis for decision-maker and governor whether the regional air pollution exposure equity phenomenon maintain invariability or inequity phenomenon take a turn for the better. The study would select Texas Dallas-Fort Worth in the southern United State as study area. It would utilize technologies including GIS spatial analysis and logistic regression model, to analyze spatio-temporal variation disciplines and characteristics of regional air pollution exposure equity on the basis of the reasonable spatial scale. The main tasks and conclusions as below:(1) In view of spatial scale uncertainty of research on air pollution exposure inequity, we utilized logistic regression model to calculate odd ratios of age, race, and educational attainment at the Zip code, Census tract, and Block group spatial scales in United State Dallas Fort-Worth, respectively. Results indicate that:There were no significant disparities on air pollution exposure equity assessment based on age, race, and educational attainment by transferring spatial scales. To take data availability into consideration, Census tract scale would be the relative reasonable spatial scale for developing spatiotemporal variation discipline on air pollution exposure equity.(2) At the census-tract level in United State, the results of logistic regression model draw support from global Moran’s I index to explore spatial cluster of Benzene pollution exposure equity based on age and race. Results indicate that:Air pollution exposure equity of population group age over60years old in the year1999,2002, and2005, as well as, Asian in the year1996,1999, and2005didn’t produce spatial aggregation phenomenon. Younger than14years old, Black, American Indian, and other races in the year of1996to2005indicated air pollution exposure equity generated significant aggregation phenomenon.(3) The study utilized local spatial autocorrelation method to explore spatiotemporal variation disciplines and characteristics of spatial cluster areas on benzene pollution exposure inequity. Results indicate that:Spatial cluster patterns of Benzene pollution exposure inequity in United State are spatial variation in existence significantly in the years ranged from1996to2005. Moreover, high-high cluster areas of people less than14years old exposed to benzene pollution inequity in the year of1996to2005haven’t significant differences. There are significant spatial disparities in high-high cluster areas of people more than60years old in1996compared to1999-2005. Spatial cluster patterns of Black exposed to benzene pollution inequity in United State are spatial variation in existence significantly in the years from1999to2005. There are significant spatial disparities in high-high cluster areas of American Indian between1996and1999-2005. High-high cluster areas of Asian have significant differences in1996,1999, and2005compared to2002. High-high cluster areas of other races exposed to benzene pollution inequity in the year of1996to2005have nott significant differences.