Synthesis And Properties Of Gemini Surfactants With Butanediamide Groups

In recent years, Gemini surfactants have become a hot research (one of active research fields) at home and abroad with its special structure and excellent performance. Although Gemini surfactants have high surface activity, Most of its research are limited to the laboratory and only a few of them have been applied in industrial production processes. It is chiefly due to complex multi-step processes, low yield and high production cost. Basing on the research of status, structure, properties, synthesis and performance of cationic Gemini surfactants, in this paper, ten novel cationic Gemini surfactants with the structure containing degradable amide group were designed and synthesized, and the properties and applications of Gemini surfactants were also studied. The primary results are enumerated as follows:1. N,N’-Bis-(3-dimethylarnino-propyl)-succinamide was given firstly reacting N, N-dimethyl-propanediamine with Dimethyl succinate with96.5%yield (based on Dimethyl succinate); its structure was character by IR and’H-NMR. The synthesis process was also studied by Orthogonal design method, and the best reaction conditions were selected as follows:without solvent, the temperature100℃and24h in a molarratio of1:2.5,the amount of catalyst was8%(based on dimethyl succinate). By optimization of the conditions, the yield was98%with97.5%purity.2. Ten kinds of Gemini surfactants, namely16-16、14-14、12-12、10-10、16-14、16-12、16-10、14-12、14-10and12-10were synthesized by reacting N,N’-Bis-(3-dime thylamino-propyl)-succinamide with four kinds of brominated alkanes (alkyl bromide) The structures of products were confirmed by IR,1H-NMR3.3. CMC and γCMC of Gemini surfactants16-16、14-14、12-12、10-10、16-14、16-12、16-10、14-12、14-10and12-10were determined by conductivity method an d dripping volume method, respectively. The CMC are8.13×10-5、1.19×10-4、1.69×104、6.33×10-4、7.91×105、2.87×10-4、2.96×10-4、3.49×10-4、86×10-4、5.47×10-4mol/L, respectively. The γCMc are35.4、37.8、32.6、42.9、39.7、31.4、40.8、42.6、 43.8、35.6mNm-1. respectively. Foam ability and emulsion ability of Gemini surfa ctants have been tested, phase separation time are394、380、350、306、370、330、295、328、300、279s. The results indicate that the product has certain emulsion and foam ability.4、The contents of16-16、14-14、12-12、10-10、16-14、16-12、16-10、14-12、14-10and12-10are99.5%、98.1%、99.2%、97.8%、99.3%、98.8%、98.1%、99.0%、97.9%、97.1%determined by phenol blue two-phase chemical titration.The Krafft points of16-16、14-14、16-14are2℃、1℃、1℃, the rest of all are below0℃, showed that its have good temperature adaptability.5、The micellar catalysis hydrolysis of PNPA by16-16、14-14、12-12under alkaline conditions was studied. Based on illusion separation model of micellar catalysis we considered micellar phase hydrolysis rate constant(km) of catalytic PNPA substrate in a fixed system, the km are2.84、2.94、3.30s-1, binding constant between the substrate and micelle Ks are476、531、580mol-1dm3.