The Research Of The Flood Controlin On He Nan Local Of Yellow River In The Late Of Qian Long Period (1775—1795)

The Yellow River is our mother river, the brilliant Chinese civilization in the Yellow River basin, to say the half of all Chinese history occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River area.But the Yellow River is also a dangerous river, since recorded time, in the Yellow River, migration and formed an "easier deposition easier burst、easier move" characteristics, to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River region of the people has brought severe disaster.From the pre-Qin Dynasty, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, who lived in ages past there are recorded on the Yellow River flood.But before until the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River floods are local disasters, and no influence to the whole country. The second emperor Ming Dynasty-Zhu Di, moved the capital in Beijing, to the south to imperial tribute rice, begun to take advantage of the Yellow River channel as part of the canal, so the choice for the daily measurements of the Yellow River has had a huge impact, the river has risen to national level. Inherited the traditional of Ming Dynasty’s system,The Qing Dynasty imperial daily measurements still rely on the canal to supply, and continue to use the Yellow River water as a canal.And the Yellow River in flood in the Qing Dynasty, the qQing rulers are the governance of the Yellow River poured a lot of work, set up a relatively complete Henan province section of the Yellow River in the administration and dyke facilities.Kang Xi, Yong Zheng and Qian Long period of the management of the Yellow River is seriously, the Yellow River so relatively calm.But by the end of Qian Long, because as usual, bureaucracy tends to corrupt, and began to discredit river, the Yellow River in Henan province section of local disrepair, together with the Yellow River sediment deposition is serious, so the Henan province section in Qian Long forty-three year (1778), forty-five year (1780), forty-six year(1781), forty-nine year (1784) and fifty-two year(1787) the ensuing burst.Flooding in Henan province section of the Yellow River "frequent during this period, and the interval is short, big, long wall built, expensive.Especially meter seal16fort burst with green longgang burst size, wall built time in more than two years, and is difficult to control. South bank of the Yellow River in He Nan province regional breaches, downstream of the river water in Jiang Su province will decrease, affect the Jiang Su province section of canal transport;Vice burst in the north area, the water will flow to the Shan Dong province region, have curtailed the Shan Dong province segment.Canal once appear problem, the capital will be affected by a lot of daily supplies. So headed by emperor qian long of the qing court attaches great importance to, quickly sent to governance, and to the victims of the disaster relief and post-disaster conducted a number of remedial measures.River regulation during although difficult, but by Qian Long dynasty national strength is strong, the Qian Long emperor, to the attention of the flood control during flood governance of choose and employ persons is proper, will eventually burst a few times that all built successfully, the Qing government court after careful thinking, weigh the pros and cons, will this debate has made the decision.Floods can get effective governance, both to the country and has great influence in disaster areas.First of all, clear grain transportation, Capital daily supply rails;Second, the Qing government court in post-disaster poor farming interests, the river above dike, ban on top of soil and strictly prevent land farming and so on a series of measures, stabilize the local situation, make the local economy was restored;Finally, because the Qing government court only consider the interests of the eyes, not from the long-term interests, missed several opportunities of the river, river regulation in the process of costly, also opened a bad precedent for later river management activity.Qian Long emperor late and the success of the provincial flood control, make He Nan province Yellow River smooth flow for years, has a great deal of historical merit, also for our future generations governance of the Yellow River provides enlightenment and reference.