| Early weaning of piglets usually causes anorexia, feed intake decreasing, growth inhibition and has detrimental effect on growth performance, intestinal development and micro-ecological balance. Creep food for piglets may ease weaning stress and promote growth after weaning. Weaning anorexia leads to lower levels of energy intake and oils contain a lot of fat which can provide energy, but different types of oils containing different kinds of fatty acids have different functions. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of different oils added to diet of piglets on intestinal development and morphology, pancreatic enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbiota.Twelve litters a total of115healty, silimar weight and birth date, newborn piglets were randomly divided into three groups:control group(C), test group1(T1) and test group2(T2). Each group had four litters. Every litter had more than eight piglets. Piglets were weaned at age of21d and experiment was divided into two phases:the first stage of7-21d and the second of21-35d. Control group was fed creep feed while T1, T2fed creep feed adding4%creep feed companion in the first stage and adding4%emulsified coconut powder and4%soybean oil respectively in the second stage. The study included three parts:Section1:The study was conducted to investigate the effect of different fat in diet on weight of piglets, intestinal relative length and weight, digestive gland development. The results showed that there was no significant impact of adding oils on the body weight of piglets. At21-day-old, compared to C group, the relative length of jejunum and ileum, cecum, colon of T2group had a tender to increase, respectively, an increase of30.74%,43.85%and30.94%. Cecal relative weight of T2group had a significantly increase (P<0.05) while T1group had a trend to increase, but liver weight of T2group was significantly lower (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in pancreas weight, liver index, pancreas index in groups and pancreas index of T1, T2group increased10.46%,11.76%respectly. At35-day-old, duodenal relative length of T2group had a trend to increase compared to C and T1group, respectively increasing21.38%,25.73%. Pancreas weight of T1group was significantly above T2group (P<0.05), while liver weight of T2group showed tendency to be lower than C and T1group. Liver index of T2group was significantly lower than C group (P<0.05) and there was no significant differences of pancreas index in groups. Thus emulsified coconut powder could promote pancreatic development of weaning piglets. Creep feed companion improved intestinal relative length and cecal relative weight of lactation piglet and had a beneficial effect on intestinal development.Section2:The results of the study showed that at21-day-old, villus height, crypts depth, V/C value of duodenum and jejunum had no significant differences in groups. Heal villus height, V/C value were significantly higher compared to C group (P<0.05). At35-day-old, duodenal intestinal morphology indicators in each group showed no significant differences. Jejunal villus height of T1group was extremely significantly higher than C group (P<0.01) while ileal crypt depth of T2group was significant higher than Tl group (P<0.05) and T1group had a trend to decrease than C group. V/C value of jejunum and ileum showed no differences in groups. There were no significant differences in pancreatic lipase, trypsin, amylase activity and digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in groups. T2group tended to increase crude fat digestibility compared to C group. In conclusion, treatment group promoted ileal villus growth of suckling piglets. T1group could alleviate jejunual villus atrophy and ileal crypt hyperplasia of weaned pig and soybean oil promoted crude fat digestion in certain extent.Section3:One male and one female were selected from each litter and totally24heads and22heads were selected respectively at age of21d and35d. The piglets were slaughtered to segment intestine and take cecal contents. Real-time PCR was used to determine16S rRNA gene copies of Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus suis in cecal contents. The results showed that at21-day-old, there were no significant differences in the copies of Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus suis. At35-day-old, Lactobacilli copies of test group had no significant differences compared to C group. E.coli copies of T2group was significantly higher than C group and T1group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the copies of Streptococcus suis. So emulsified coconut powder might reduce the number of cecal E.coli of piglets after weaning and promote cecal micro-ecological balance in certain extent. |
PDF Full Text Request