Effects Of Straw Returning And Nitrogen Application And Seeding Rate On Yield And Quality In Winter Wheat

In recent years, along with the rural farming labor decrease, farmer is in after harvesting rice straw burning phenomenon more, not only a waste of resources, but also pollute the environment, not conducive to the protection of arable land and farmland, benign loop. Realization of straw and nitrogen use efficiency for improving wheat yield and protect environment has important sense, and in-depth study of straw stalk, is the important way of the problem. Therefore, this article in field conditions, through two years of straw and nitrogen fertilizer level, ratio of base and topdressing trials and two years of straw returning to field and density test, systematic study of straw and nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield, quality and influence. The main results are as follows:1.1straw and nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat growth and yieldWeak gluten wheat variety Yangmai13, in2009-2011two growing seasons of straw and nitrogen fertilizer level, dressing ratio on wheat germination rate, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and redistribution, grain yield. The results showed that straw, reduced winter wheat seedling rate, heading period prior to the tiller. Returning straw to soil increased with the amount of N-fertilizer increased the yield of wheat straw on yield, had no significant effect, showed that nitrogen straw yield under the condition of increasing the important foundation. Straw and nitrogen interaction on grain yield no significant impact. Under the condition of not returning straw grain yield increased with the amount of N-fertilizer showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, treatment with N225grain yield, nitrogen application amount to270Kg hm-2yield slightly decreased, but no significant difference with N225. In the straw returning to field conditions, spike number and grain number per spike were increased with the amount of N-fertilizer increase1000-grain weight, with the increase of nitrogen application amount and reduce. Straw mulching and nitrogen levels were increased grain number per ear. In the straw returning condition, spike number and grain number per spike were with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount was increased first and then decreased chemotaxis, spike number in N225treatment to reach the maximum, grain number per spike in the N180reaches the maximum at. Compared with NO, different ratio of nitrogen base and topdressing also significantly increased the grain yield, topdressing proportion with the increase in the ratio of base and topdressing trend, the highest yield5:5. From the yield components factors, different ratio of base and topdressing treatments between spike grain number of smaller difference, causing the yield difference is the main reason of groups of effective panicle number.2.straw returning and planting density on the growth and yield of wheat onUnder field conditions, study the straw returning pattern and density on wheat grain yield and quality effects. The results showed that, different straw returning to winter wheat seedling rate influence the difference is significant. Different seeding quantity,120kg hm-2emergence rate greater than180kg hm-2, but the basic seedlings of180kg hm-21arge. Two sowing amount to positive rotation stubble field germination rate, grain yield, sowing amount120kg hm-2treatment, CTSR approach yields the minimum, the seeding quantity180kg hm-2treatment, the control is processed to yield the lowest. Straw returning and seeding density interaction on yield. Number of grains per spike and yield are positive rotation ways of returning to maximum, that grain number per spike increased to yield a larger contribution to the. Sowing quantity on the control treatment had no significant effect on the grain number per spike, grain number per spike were with the rest of the seeding quantity increase and reduce.180kg hm-2sowing rate grain yield was significantly higher than that of sowing amount120kg hm-2treatment, that some improve seeding can increase returning straw to soil on wheat yield.3straw and nitrogen fertilizer application effect on Wheat QualityWith the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount, returning and return processing of albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutenin content increased, while the storage proteins (gliadins and glutenins) total protein ratio in high nitrogen increased significantly. Returning straw to soil on different protein fractions of different effect of straw returning, significantly increased the content of albumin, globulin, gliadin, glutenin effect. Different ratio of base and topdressing treatments, gliadin, and gluten with supplemental proportion increases is increased first and then decreased. The ratio of base and topdressing treatment of6:4is highest, indicates that improving the late top-dressing ratio helps to improve the gliadin and glutenin, and albumin and glisdin and storage protein in different nitrogen fertilizer dressing ratio has no significant effect of treatment. Straw mulching on albumin, glutenin, glisdin to have a significant effect, the globulin, gliadin and storage protein did not significantly influence. Mulching and planting density between the two interaction on wheat protein and its fractions significantly influence. Straw mulching significantly reduces the peak viscosity, increase the value of viscosity of dilute slack, trough, final viscosity, rebound value, peak time, no significant effects of gelatinization temperature. The application of nitrogenous fertilizer significantly increased the peak viscosity, low viscosity, final viscosity, dilute slack values, on peak time, gelatinization temperature has no significant effect. Application of straw and nitrogen fertilizer level interaction significantly impact the dilute slack values and rebound value.To sum up, straw mulching condition nitrogen application amount to270kg hm-2, appropriate to improve the late rush after proportional to6:4, straw returning to positive rotation ways of returning the appropriate increase of planting density to180kg hm-2, improve the growth and development of wheat, increase the dry matter weight, it is beneficial to improve yield and quality.