| With the development of insect resistance and the requirements of the environmental sustainability, the prevention and control measures by introducing biological control especially releasing natural enemies are becoming an important control measures. Amblyseius eharai (Amitai et Swirski) is an effective predator of many kinds of pests such as spider mites, thrips and whiteflies, fungus and so on. In the mainland of China, it mainly distributed in citrus, tea and other crops of Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and other provinces. And A. ehara is the dominant predatory mites to control Panonychus citri (Me Gregor) of citrus in the central China. In this study, we studied the breeding technology of A. ehara. We also built the life table of the experimental population, researched the predation function on P. citri and intraguild predation among A. ehara, Neoseiulus cucumeris and Amblyseius barkeri. Besides, we studied the cold storage technology of A. ehara. These researches are the necessary theoretical basis and technical guidance for rearing and application of A. ehara. The main results are as follows:In this study, we have got the optimal growth conditions and feed formation of A. ehara. The optimal growth conditions is24℃,90%RH and L:D16:8. The best quality content of feed formulation is4%of tea tree pollen,6%of yeast,80%of wheat bran and10%of water. When the density of Aleuroglyphus ovatus is more than300head/g, access A. ehara, the ration of Aleuroglyphus ovatus and A. ehara should more than20:1, and50:1-100:1is the best selection. We found that among the three pollens that is rape pollen, tea tree pollen and corn pollen tea tree pollen was the best to the growth and breeding of A ehara.We reared more than10generations of A. ehara according to the best feed formulation and conditions of this study, then continued to rear three generations an built life table of A. ehara. The survival rates of the three generations were100%during0d-23d. When the survival rate was50%, from the first generations the storage time were41d,39d and39d. The longest storage time respectively were53d,52d and52d. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) approximation respectively were0.137,0.132and0.133. The doubling time of populations respectively were5.041times,5.234times and5.207times. The results showed that, A. ehara still maintain good fecundity and survival rate after three generations.The experiments of A. ehara predated on P. citri showed that adult female of A. ehara was the best candidate to control P. citri. And the intraguild predation among three predatory mites indicated that eggs and larvae of each species can be eaten by other adult female, but not adult. Besides, the three predatory species consumed substantially more larvae than eggs. In the absence of P.citri and when the density of intraguild prey were5,10,15and20, intraguild predation in the A. eharai-N. cucumeris showed that A. eharai preyed on N. cucumeris larvae at a rate of4.2,6.6,9.7and12.5Iarvae/female/day, which was significantly more than the N. cucumeris consumption of A. eharai larvae (3.2,5.0,6.0and6.2larvae/female/day). There was no significant difference between A. eharai and N. cucumeris with regards to egg predation. Intraguild predation in the A. eharai-A. barkeri showed that A. eharai cannibalized A. barkeri larvae at a rate of3.2,5.8,8.3and10.1larvae/female/day, which was significantly more than the A. eharai consumed by A. barkeri (3.1,4.9,7.7and8.3larvae/female/day). A. eharai cannibalized the eggs of A. barkeri at2.1,2.5,2.7and2.6eggs/female/day, which was significantly more than the A eharai egg consumption of A barkeri (1.6,2.3,1.9and2.1egg/female/day). Intraguild predation in the N. cucumeris-A. barkeri showed that A. barkeri cannibalized the larvae of N. cucumeris at rates of3.0,5.1,6.4and8.6Iarvae/female/day, which was significantly more than the cannibalization of N. cucumeris larvae by A barkeri (2.4,4.0,5.1and6.0larvae/female/day). There was no significant difference between the two predator species for the predation of eggs. In the presence of shared prey P. citri, although the adult female predators attacked and fed on the eggs and larvae of other species, the IGP on the eggs and larvae was significantly lower when there were20intraguild prey plus20,60or100P. citri, relative to when there were20intraguild prey alone. There were no significant differences between the heterospecific eggs and larvae cannibalized by other two predator species in each type. So the intraguild experiments showed that in absence of shared prey, A eharai is much stronger than N. cucumeris and A barkeri. N. cucumeris is slightly stronger than A barkeri. And each predator prefer to consume larvae. In presence of shared prey, the IGP was significantly lower and there were no singnificant differences between heterospecific cannibalized by other two predator species in each type. It indicated that the three predatory mites prefer to the shared prey P. citri.Results of cold storage showed that we should accord to the practical need to choose the temperature and duration of cold storage. When the cold storage duration is in15days, it’s better to choose7℃. When we need storage20-35days5℃is a proper temperature. When the storage is longer such as40-60days, oviposition when at9℃was more than at other two temperatures but there was no significant difference. However, the survival percent of A eharai was significantly lower when at9℃than at5℃. Though this experiments, we adopt7℃if we should keep15days for A eharai. While if the storage duration are longer than15days, the survival percent and oviposition of A. eharai at5℃are better than at7℃and9℃. |
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