| The fruit has become the third major grain crops following vegetables and grain in the fruit, citrus yield and planting area both rank first in the world. But the research on mechanization of orchard in China started relatively late and can be used for Mountain Orchard operation mnodels-less, low degree of mechanization; in addition, ditching and fertilization of fruit trees are a necessary step to keep fruit quality and increase production. At present, ditching and fertilization of fruit trees mainly depends on manual operation, manual operation of low efficiency, high labor intensity, fertilization to ensure the uniform; in view of the existing of China’s citrus production in the process of development of these problems, a small mountain orchard ditching and fertilizing machine is very necessary and urgent.In this paper, learning principles and characteristics of various domestic and international large-scale ditching and fertilizing machine, combined with China’s citrus orchard canopy low, spacing is minor, miniature ditching and fertilizing machine to develop a suitable for narrow working space. With a domestic miniature hand digging, the selection for power source is10kW Mitsubishi gasoline engine, and through the synchronous belt drive, gear and other drive mode,it transmits power from the engine to the spindle and wheel type ditching. It is covinent to operate in narrow mountainous citrus orchards because of its lightweight type and its relatively small overall dimensions, base on this machine, added a fertilizer apparatus and a soil covering device, which can realize the ditching, fertilizing, soil cover joint operation, improve operation efficiency to reduce fruit orchards, labor intensity, implementation of citrus orchard yield quality.Furrow opener with a rotary ditcher, furrowing blade adopts the rotary blade, and throwing soil test for the opener by soil tank, the measured minimum soil casting speed of200r/min. Through the chain transmission, the walking wheel power delivered to the fertilizer shaft, transmission of fertilizer system dynamics.Covering device adopts scraper cover board, hanging on the ditching machine tail. Two pieces of scraper splayed placed, the movement of the machine, the groove on both sides of the soil backfill to ditch. Covering device using the profiling structure, in the vertical direction, can realize the upper and lower altitude difference of80mm profile. In order to prevent the soil covering operations, copying the guide rod and the guide sleeve between the death card, so in the guide sleeve with linear bearings, reducing friction sleeve and a guide rod guide.Using ANSYS software simulates the scraper of the static analysis and through the change of the scrapers shape and the angel between two scrapers observes the maximum stress value and distribution of stress, the strain distribution of the mound of scraper, determining the best radian and angle of scrapers. When the scraper arc is45°and its angle is90°, through the simulation analysis, the stress scraper bearing is the minimum, the effect covering soil is the best.Feed system uses row of fat-wheeled tank, and fixed in the miniature hand ditching machine through the middle part support, using a single fertilizer, fertilizer rate is uniform and reliable.In order to prevent the rollover, the rollover prevention device is arranged in both sides of ditching and fertilizing machine. The device uses the800mm diameter industrial casters, and uses the profiling structure, through the bracket for hanging on both sides of the machine, the profiling device profiling volume in the vertical direction to reach150mm. The smooth operation of the rollover prevention device facilitates machine.Through running experiments in the field, it measured quantity of fertilizer ranging from39.5/h to49.3kg/h; covering rate is up to73%; covering soil is evenly; the effect of covering soil is good. |
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