| MicroRNAs are small RNAs that regulate gene expression via binding to complementary sites in target mRNAs. The use of miRNAs to regulate gene expression helps viruses to modulate the cellular environment in a non-immunogenic way. The survival strategy of viruses and immune response strategy of hosts through regulating the expression level of target genes, is the core layer of virus-host interaction. The impacts of host-encoding miRNAs on virus is the most understood miRNA-inducing antiviral mechanism by now. The regulation of host genes through virus-encoding miRNAs can create the cellar environment for viral replication.According to the latest data in miRBase, most of viral miRNAs are encoded by herpesviruses, the remainder vary from Polyomaviridae in the family Polyomaviridae to human immunodeficiency virus in the family of Retroviridae. The Herpesviridae are a large family of DNA viruses that cause diseases in animals, including human. This order currently has three subfamilies (i.e., Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae). Herpesviruses can establish lifelong infections, possibly through immune evasion. There are many different ways for Herpesviruses to evade the immune system. In this research, we plan to explore the roles of miRNAs, either from hosts or from viruses, play in the process of host-virus interaction (i.e., host defense and virus immune evasion) through bioinformatics methods. We found that viruses-encoding miRNAs potentially inhibit the translation of strutural proteins and important enzymes to establish latent infection, they can also inhibit the apopetosis and immune response of hosts and influence their cell cycle. Host-encoding miRNAs can,in turn, inhibit the translation of viruses’ the translation of strutural proteins and important enzymes. In additon, the hosts’ miRNAs can also regulate the transaltion of their own genes. Approximately, more than16%genes are regulated by host-encoding miRNAs. |
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