Study On Soil Moisture Characteristics And Water Use Efficiency Research Under Alfalfa/maize Intercropping In Northeast Farming-pastoral Region

Purple alfalfa (hereinafter referred to as alfalfa) is leguminous medic perennial herbaceousplant. It is known as the "king of the grass". Maize is gramineae zea annual crops, and in theworld grain crops, maize planting area and output are in the third place. It is an importantenergy feed. In the west of Jilin province alfalfa/maize intercropping planting system is a kindof planting system that can guarantee grain regional security as well, moreover, this systemmeet the nutritional needs of livestock, and can reduce hazards of sand storms, protect thefarmland ecological environment and realize the sustainable development of environmentfriendly planting mode. Based on the different planting types, this research does a preliminarystudy about soil moisture change characteristics and water has effects on crop agronomiccharacters、yield and water use efficiency. The conclusions were as follows：（1）From seeding stage to silking stage, soil moisture content of monoculture corn ishigher than the intercropping group and reached a significant difference(P <0.05), Individualsoil layers, soil moisture content between monoculture and intercropping was reached anextremely significant difference (P <0.01).From silking stage to maturation stage, the soilmoisture content of different groups do not have obvious difference.(2)At the growth period of monoculture groups, plant height gap of maize is not big andnot reached a significant difference. The first half of the maize growth period, plant height ofmonoculture maize is higher than intercropping maize and reached a significant difference (P<0.05). In the maize elongation stage to grouting stage between monoculture maize andintercropping maize, plant height reached an extremely significant difference (P <0.01).(3) In the different organs of maize, include leaf、stem、leaf sheath、inflorescence、bracts、cob, dry matter accumulation in the growth period are showed the following characteristics:two intercropping groups have no significant difference, and two monoculture groups alsohave no significant difference, but compared intercropping maize with monoculture, drymatter accumulation reached an extremely significant difference (P <0.01).(4) Maize yield of monoculture is more than intercropping groups and reached anextremely significant difference (P <0.01), but maize yield of monoculture groups orintercropping groups have no significant difference. Yield of intercrop alfalfa is greater thanmonoculture alfalfa and reached the extremely significant level (P <0.01).Intercropping groups of land equivalent ratio is greater than1,1.29and1.25respectively. It is indicated that intercropping planting has more advantages than monoculture planting.(5) Water use efficiency of intercropping groups is higher than monoculture groups.Intercropping planting can increase crop water use efficiency effectively than monocultureplanting.