The Study Of Asteraceae Plant And Seed Morphology In Oasis And Desert Of Shihezi

The Shihezi Oasis-desert area located intersection area where is between low mountain desert of thenorthern slope of Tianshan Mountains and the west of Southern Junggar Basin-Gurbantunggutdesert,Manas River runs through the zone. The scope of its political subdivisions, including Shihezi urbanareas, Shihezi reclamation (around18Farms and Shihezi Township) and Manas, Shawan County adjacentand alternate them in a small area. The most northern150mission of Mosuowan deep into China’s secondlargest desert-the Gurbantunggut desert which field from southeast to northwest direction about60km,result in the area become longest natural vertical distribution between the low mountains of the northernslope of Tianshan and Gurbantunggut desert hinterland, length of about150km, width of110km. Theaverage span of1100-300meters above sea level from south to north. The habitat of plants is more diverse,and composed of more diverse characteristics.The Research is about morphological taxonomy of Asteraceae plants in Shihezi Oasis-desert area.Based on morphological taxonomy to analyze species diversity, Including families and generacomposition,life forms, ecological and floristic geographical elements characteristics. In addition to, wealso studied morphological taxonomy of seeds,taxonomic characters, grain weight and preliminaryresearch of seeds and ecological types,life forms.Our research not only contribute to supplement newcontent and new materiais about Asteraceae botany research in Shihezi Oasis-desert area, but alsoproviding some benefical references and theoretical basis about the ecosystem of the region, protection ofspecies diversity, rational use of resources.Studies have shown that:1)There are46genera,92species,7variaties of Asteraceae (not including cultivation) in Shihezi Oasis-desert area, accounted for40%of genera and17.10%of species in Xinjiang.One of them belongs to thenew record genus and four of them belongs to the new record plants from Xinjiang, they are Erigeronannuus (L.) Pers., Xanthium italicum Moretti, Xanthium spinosum L.,Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pav.,and Galinsoga Ruiz et Pav. is the new record genus in Xinjiang.2) There are8tribes of Asteraceae in area.Number of species of Cichorieae Spreng,Cynareae Less.,Anthemideae Cass.of asteraceae plants are more, a total of30genera(65.22%),68species(73.91%) andconstitute the main component of the Asteraceae flora in tribe level.Followed by tribe Astereae, tribe Inuleae, tribe Heliantheae. Tribe Senecioneae and tribe Echinopeae is the least. The single genera andfewer genera are large proportion of flora of the area Asteraceae.It’s a total of43genera(93.48%),72species(78.26%), diverse genera is only3genera and20species.The geographical elements of genera are abundant in the area.They are divided into8types and5variants,which are dominated by Old World Temperate and variants a total of15genera(37.5%),followed Medit.,W.to C.Asia a total of11genera (27.5%),finally followed North Temperate andvariants a total of8genera (20%).The life forms are diveded into5styles, which are dominated by hemicryptophytes(27.17%) andtherophytes(41.30%).Meanwhile, ephemeral plants(16.30%), ephemeroid plants(8.70%) andchamaephytes(6.52%) are also important components.The asteraceae plants’habitat of the area are varied(including low moutain desert, campestris desert,desert, haloeremion, uliginose and urban farmand).The vegetation distribution are quite different and thereis also a staggered or similar,51species grow in farmand,37species grow in uliginose,19species grow inlow moutain desert,14species grow in desert,11species grow in campestris desert and3species grow inuliginose.These habitats are closely related with reclamation area gradually expanded and interpenetrationof farmland and native habitat..3) In tribe level,surface coat texture of seeds, presence or absence of collar like ring and beak, hilumposition are as some major taxonomic characters. In genera level, presence or absence of crestes andtexture,seed size and shape,surface decoration are as some major taxonomic characters. In specieslevel,number of layers about crestes,density and length,position of coat,surfaceappendages,glandular,zebra,fold,edges,ribs,ditch;length and color of beak,joints are as some majortaxonomic characters.Seed heteromorphism of asteraceae have10species(10.87%)belonging to8genera (17.39%) in thearea.They are mostly ephemeral and ephemeroid plants or individually adaptable weeds. Seedheteromorphism of Achillea millefolium L.and Hyalea pulchella (Ledeb.) C. Koch. is the firstreported.The grain weight of asteraceae seed (<0.51g) is the most,take up46.43%of total.The seed size and theirlife forms, ecological types have no a certain correlation.