Effects Of Undergrowth Cultivation Modes On Rhizosphere Soil Of Camellia Oieifera Abel Forest

Camellia oleifera Abel is a kind of important woody edible oil tree species in china,mostcamellia forest take large-scale monoculture plantations, and the level of management isextensive, a lot of adult camellia forest is still in the low yield and inefficient state,the soil fertilityis also low,average output per mu is3~5kg.Through reasonable undergrowth cultivation,realizingefficient utilization of woodland resources, improving soil fertility, promoting the growth ofcamellia and improving the economic benefit.This study took the20years old ordinary Camellia in the south of China area formaterial,making different cultivation process under Camellia forests.This trial set ninevillage.From one to four districts, respectively planting short feet edamame, peanuts, green beansand green beans;The fifth district was covered with grass (Miscanthus floridulus) about10cm; Thesixth district applied NPK fertilizer mixtures for200g per tree (T1fertilization);The seventhdistrict applied NPK Fertilizer Mixtures for100g per tree (T2fertilization);The eighth districtapplied boron with molybdenum together for10g per tree (T3fertilization);The ninth district as ablank control.Through studying Camellia microorganism quantity, enzyme activity, the physicaland chemical properties and its seasonal dynamics in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil,analysing the influence of different cultivation patterns of Camellia on soil fertility aims to putforward the best cultivation mode of camellia forests to provide technical guidance for Camelliaproduction. The main research results were as follows.(1) The research of rhizosphere effect in rhizosphere soil of different cultivation mode ofcamellia. The microorganism quantity, enzyme activity and nutrient content in rhizosphere soilwere higher than the non rhizosphere(except PH value), and the values of contrast area are thelowest, the average value of R/S is above one, and the rhizosphere effect was remarkable.(2)The microbial number distribution in rhizosphere soil of different cultivation patterns ofCamellia.The amount of microbes was bacteria with the most, the second was actinomycetes,fungi was the least.The largest effect to soil microbial amount was T3fertilization,edamame wasthe second,T1fertilization was the minimum. The largest quantity of bacteria, fungi andactinomycetes in rhizosphere soil was in sequence of mung beans, T1fertilization, edamame,compared with the contrast area respectively increased2.05,2.46and2.21times.(3) The enzyme activity distribution in rhizosphere soil of different cultivation patterns ofCamellia.The biggest impact to soil sucrase, urease, catalase and acid phosphatase activity was in order of the green beans, T3fertilization, peanuts and T2fertilization, compared with contrast arearespectively increased8.28,2.41,2.11and3.30times.(4) The physicochemical property distribution in rhizosphere soil of different cultivationpatterns of Camellia.T2and T3fertilization can effectively reduce the soil bulk density, increasingsoil porosity and moisture holding capacity.T1fertilization could supplement the content ofnitrogen and phosphorus. edamame can effectively increase the content of organic matter andpotassium.The best efficacy of improving soil physical and chemical properties is fertilization.(5) The microbial quantity, enzyme activity and physicochemical property changed withdifferent seasons. Along with the changes of seasons,bacteria showed a trend of rising, fungusdeclining,and actinomycetes "up-down-up". The soil sucrase, urease, catalase and acidicphosphatase respectively showed the trend of "up and down","down-up-down","down-up"and rising.The changing trends of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, effectivephosphorus were all "down-up-down", hydrolyze nitrogen and available potassium weredeclining, the change range of total potassium is small.(6)The correlation research of soil microorganism, enzyme and physicochemical property ofdifferent cultivation patterns of Camellia forest.The analysis results showed that the bacteria,fungi and soil porosity were extremely significant positive correlation (p <0.01), actinomycetesand total potassium content was significantly positive related (p <0.05).Besides bulk density andcarbon nitrogen ratio,there were significantly or extremely significantly positive correlationbetween the enzyme activity and physicochemical property.Bulk density and carbon nitrogen ratioshowed significantly negatively correlation with microorganism quantity, enzyme activity and soilnutrients (p <0.01).(7) The modified conditions of soil fertility of different cultivation patterns of Camellia forest.T2and T3fertilization was beneficial to improve soil porosity and water environment. Edamameand peanuts can effectively improve the conversion rate of potassium and nitrogen, reforming theacid and alkali environment. T1fertilization and covering with grass can enhance soil microbialactivity, promoting the cycle of soil phosphorus. The comprehensive analysis results showedthat the green beans and peanuts for soil fertility improvement works best, as a whole is the bestcultivation mode of camellia forests.Therefore, according to actual soil fertility condition of camellia forests,taking differentcultivation mode processing under the forest in the production construction, especially in the lowyield camellia forest,through stablishing "camellia-green beans"or"camellia-peanuts" stereoscopicmanagement pattern to achieve both ecological and economic benefits of camellia forests.