The Cultivated Land Productivity Evaluation Of Hong An County

Cultivated land is the most important non-renewable resources for agricultural production, whether the fertility is good or not, it will affect the sustainable development of agriculture and food security directly. Along with the economic and social development, the contradiction between population growth and cultivated land decrease becomes increasingly prominentnatural and human factors have increasing impact strength on cultivated land protection, the quality of cultivated land is so worrying that food security, and cultivated land protection is faced with severe challenges."Cherish, rational utilization of land, and earnestly protect cultivated land" has become the basic state policy of our country. Therefore, value the productivity quality of cultivated land construction, implement the cultivated land fertility evaluation, the scientific management of cultivated land, will be a urgent problem to be solved for our government and the researchers for a quite long period of time. In cultivated land management, the definition of the cultivated land fertility and the evaluation are as follows:the cultivated land fertility is made up of the specific regional climate and terrain, physiognomy, soil parent material, the soil physical and chemical character, farmland infrastructure, fertilizer level and otherfactors which consisting of the comprehensive production capacity of cultivated landand they are influenced and decided by the site conditions, soil, farmlandinfrastructure, and other factors. The cultivated land fertility evaluation criterion is based on the purpose of use pattern, it is the process to evaluate cultivated land productive potential and land suitability, mainly to reveal biological productivity level and potential productivity; the essence of which is about identification of cultivated land productivity levels. Therefore, the cultivated land fertility evaluation is an objective decisions about ecology, environment, economy and society sustainable development in the county which is a basic work but important.Since the establishment of China, in1958the first soil census was carried through in Hongan. from1981to1983the second soil census was conducted. Through the two soil census, the basic information of the soil resources condition, soil types and distribution of physical and chemical character, fertility and soil utilization status was clear. Based on these has compiled the soil record of Hongan ", and the comprehensive development among agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, and reasonable layout and comprehensive utilization of agricultural development strategy was systematically proposed.At present, the agriculture of China has entered a new development period. For the last30years, Hongan county’s population, resources, environment and other great changes have taken place. Especially in the21st century, the rural management system, cropping system, crop varieties, production level, fertilizer application have undergone tremendous change. The result of the second soil censusis not suitable for guiding Hongan county’s agricultural production. Hongan county was listed in soil testing and formulated fertilization project counties in2008, so the cultivated land productivity evaluation work was started.After the last three years of work, various tasks of the farmland productivity evaluation was successfully completed, and the methods in survey technology and the application of achievement have been innovated. On the aspect of survey technology, it was the first time that the geographic information system (GIS), global satellite positioning system (GPS) and remote sensing (RS) and other technical means applied in soil survey. On the aspect of cultivated land quality evaluation index system, according to the actual situation of Hongan county, we chose nine from national60index for Hongan county as the farmland productivity evaluation index. The results of the study are as follows:1, found out soil physical and chemical properties and soil fertility status of cultivated land in Hongan county, and built cultivated land resources information management and evaluation system for Hongan county.2, developped the cultivated land resource management system, the function of which is to estimate the cultivated land fertility levels and soil nutrient levels (including organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydro nitrogen, effective phosphorus, available k, effective boron, effective zinc), and realize the regionalized fertilization.3, in order to further improve the scale of agricultural economics and the competitiveness of agricultural products market, the reasonable planting layout was put forward:the livestock leads the northern mountain forest agricultural economic zone, triple-cropping system leads the south agricultural economic zone, The cereals and oil crop and livestock leads the agricultural economic zone of middle and western hills. So there are three major agricultural economic zone in Hongan county.4, found out the problems existing in the cultivated land of Hongan county, and put forward the reasonable soil fertilization, improvement and utilization of agricultural economic zones, the five areas are devided as follows:low mountain in the northernpart of the county where the soil type is yellow brown soil sets the soil and water conservation improvement area; hills in the northeastern and northwestern part of the county where the soil type is rice khaki brown soil sets cold and sand control improvement area; middle, northern and southeastern Nanchengguan of the city where the soil type are ercheng sand mud field and sand soil stes fertilizer application increasingand slope control improvement area; southern, southwestern part of the county TaiPingQiao and Mier where the soil type are silica sand mud field and silicon sand soil sets crop rotation and modified water conservancy improvement area; the plain of Daoshuihe valley where the soiltype ispaddy soil and moisture soil sets a combination of protection and utilization improvement area.