Researches Of Ecological Restoration Technology On The Soil Desiccation Of Apple Orchard In Weibei Dry Plateau

The soil desiccation in Weibei dryland orchard has distributed widely. The current studyin terms of this problem is mostly concentrated in the surface-cover technology, while onlyfewer research on the recovery of water deficit in deep soil layer. This study is based on thesoil desiccation in deep soil layer which is due to strong water consumption by transpirationof older fruit trees, putting forward the techniques of “microporous gradient deep catchment”.With orchard nudation as reference, this research carried on different ecological restorationmethods with “straw mulching、film-covering ridge、microporous gradient deep catchment”and syntaxic methods of this three. With deep catchment and surface water control, this paperstudied the effect of different ecological restoration methods on the orchard soil water storagecapacity、physiological and biochemical indices、yield and quality of fruit trees, andascertained the changes of soil and fruit trees under different ecological restoration methods,providing a theoretical and technical basis for reducing soil desiccation in deep layer andpromoting the stable development of Shaanxi Province. The major conclusion of this study asfollows:(1) The water content in different months of microporous gradient deep catchment andsurface-cover technology are all higher than CK. All these methods can improve the contentof water to some extent, and have a certain soil water storage capacity. But the effects ofdifferent methods on soil water are disparity. From July to October, the change of watercontent in0~2m soil layer is increase first, then steady. From November to April of the nextyear, the soil water content is reduced continuously. During different ecological restorationmethods, the best method for water storage is “straw mulching+film-covering ridge+microporous gradient deep catchment”, which water content is increased7.74%than CK, andthe second is “straw mulching+microporous gradient catchment”,6.41%higher than CK.(2) Microporous gradient deep catchment and surface-cover technology can improve the different layer soil water to varying degrees. The different ecological restoration methods’effects to soil water are significant difference between the soil surface and deep layer soil. Thebest method effect in single treatments is “straw mulching”, which primarily work at0~1msoil layer, while “microporous gradient deep catchment” is mainly action on1~2m. Duringdifferent ecological restoration methods, the best method for0~2m water storage is “strawmulching+film-covering ridge+microporous gradient deep catchment”, which watercontent is20.81%,8.04%higher than CK. Followed by “straw mulching+microporousgradient catchment”, which is7.07%higher than CK.(3) All the different ecological restoration methods can significantly increase thephotosynthetic rate (Pn)、the transpiration rate (Tr) and the stomatal conductance (Gs) of appletrees, and the best is “straw mulching+film-covering ridge+microporous gradientcatchment”. It is extremely significant (P<0.01) between Pn in different methods and CK.Under “straw mulching+film-covering ridge+microporous gradient catchment” and “strawmulching+microporous gradient catchment”, there are significant between Tr、Gs and CK,but there no significant difference between all methods in Tr. The increase of Pn and Gs aresignificantly higher than Pn, and it is beneficial to accumulate fruit dry matter and theeffective use of soil water. The variation trend of photosynthetic rate (Pn)、transpiration rate(Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of apple tree leaves are the same to the content of soilmoisture, and the relationship between both is approximately linear.(4) After carrying out the Microporous gradient deep catchment and surface-covertechnology, leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein content are increased than CK, whilemalondialdehyde (MDA)、proline (Pro) and soluble sugar content are lower than CK. The besteffect is “straw mulching+film-covering ridge+microporous gradient deep catchment” and“straw mulching+microporous gradient catchment”. There is no significant differencebetween the two.(5) Fruit firmness、soluble solids and sugar content are less affected by different methods.Dealing with “straw mulching+film-covering ridge+microporous gradient deep catchment”and “straw mulching+microporous gradient catchment”, fruit firmness and sugar contenthave a significant level with CK, except soluble solids content. All the fruit inclusionsdifference between the up two are not significant. Among all the different ecologicalrestoration methods, the “straw mulching+film-covering ridge+microporous gradient deepcatchment” and “straw mulching+microporous gradient deep catchment” works best in fruitweight, and the fruit weight of the two are increased by0.16%、0.15%than CK, reachingsignificant difference, but there are no significant difference between the two. Othertreatments with CK are all no significant differences. (6) This study shows that the technology of microporous gradient deep catchment canimprove the deep layer soil water. The effect of “straw mulching+film-covering ridge+microporous gradient deep catchment” on soil water storage and growth and development offruit trees are best, followed by “straw mulching+microporous gradient deep catchment”.Synthesize environment and human factors, we may consider adopting the method of “strawmulching+microporous gradient deep catchment” to improve the orchard soil environment.