Effect Of Different Pruning Quantity On Apple Growyh And Fruit Infruence In Full Fruit Period

The study was to investigate the effect of different pruning quantity on growth and fruitquality in full fruit period from2011to2012in the18years orchard which located in Shaanxiprovince LiQuan city. The different pruning quantity were light pruning, light pruning+summerpruning, medium pruning, medium pruning+summer pruning, heavy pruning. This studyinvestigated and determinated the shoot composition, quanlity, photosynthetic rate, the fruitindex, etc. The main results were summarized as follows:1. The middle pruning+summer pruning could promoted the growth of roots, decreased theconsumption of trees in every growth period. The contents of N、P、K、Na、Fe、Zn、Mn in rootsand water of soil were the highest, the consumption in periods was least. The diameter of rootwas less than2mm that were mainly distributed in the20⁴0cm soil layer, and root dry weightwas35.96g in0¹00cm soil layer. The expansion of roots’s growth toward depth and out and theincrease rate of the root dry weight of the middle pruning+summer pruning was middle.2. The characteristics of canopy indicators and the relative canopy relative light intensity,photosynthetic ability were improved reasonably. As the amount of clipping increased gradually,the relative canopy relative light intensity were measured by in the layer of upper, middle andlower, the photosynthetic rate （11.99μmol·m-2s-1）, stomatal conductance （4.25mmol·m-2s-1）,transpiration rate （0.122mol·m-2s-1） of apple leaves and DIPN, MTA, K increased, butintercellular CO₂concentration （143.81μmol/mol） and LAI decreased greatly. The LAI ofmiddle pruning+summer pruning was3.41that accorded with the standard of LAI in full appleorchard basically.3. The growth of aboveground part and fruit were made reasonable by medium pruning+summer pruning. The contents of N、P、Fe、Zn in leaves and N、P、K、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn infruits, N in long branches and mid-branches were increased. The ration of long branches andmid-branches were improved. The middle pruning+summer pruning promoted the accumulationof nutrients in branches and leaves, that also improved the quality of leaves and yield （35.89g）and the contents of soluble solids （142.32mg/g）, thus improved the quality of fruits.4. Summer pruning can promotted the growth of trees, increased fuit yield and quality.Summer pruning remedied the inadequacy of winter pruning. when winter pruning was light, summer pruning improve the characteristics of canopy indicators and the relative canopy relativelight intensity, photosynthetic ability. The contents of N、K、Mn in leaves and P、K、Fe inroots，and N、Zn、Mg、Fe、Mn in fruits increased by summer pruning. The summer pruningimproved the ration of middle and long branches and leaf quality, stimulated the roots growthtoward to vertical and horizontal, increased soil water and lower water consumption, thusincreased yield and quality. But when winter pruning was heavy, the work of remedying was notsignificant.5. From the comprehensive assessment of underground growth, utilization of soil water, andgrowth and fruit, the improvement of the illumination conditions, summer pruning+pruning wasthe most suitable pruning quantity.