Effects Of Thiamine On The Rumen Tissue Morphology And Growth In Holstein Bull Calves

This study discussed the influence of concentrate level and thiamine on the growth and development of calves, the rumen tissue morphological development and fermentation parameters by feeding calves with normal diet, high-concentrate diet (induced SARA) and high-concentrate diet adding Thiamine. In the experiment, nine3months’ Holstein calves were randomly divided into A, B and C treatment groups, and fed as follows:calves in group A were fed the high concentrate diet without thiamine, calves in group B were fed high concentrate diet with120mg/kg thiamine, calves in group C were fed routine diet without thiamine. After being fed for8weeks, calves were slaughtered to get samples.Trial1:This trial aims to investigate the influence of concentrate levels and thiamine supplement on the rumen tissue morphological development of weaned calves. Results showed that:(1) rumen epithelium colour of calves fed with high concentrate diet became deeper black, rumen epithelium of calves in SARA group added thiamine are relieved compared with SARA group, but rumen epithelium colour of calves in both of these groups is deeper than that in conventional diet group;(2) papillaes size of calves fed high concentrate diet and high-concentrate diet added thiamine are larger in length and width;(3) rumen epithelial papillaes of calves in regular diet group and high concentrate diet with thiamine group were well developed, soft and in form of ligulate, and there is no micro-abscesses phenomenon in front of rumen papillaes, while rumen papillaes of calves in SARA group appear abnormal situation, such as part of the rumen papillaes show the phenomenon of branches and enlargement of the papillaes, abnormal morphology of thin neck, thicker cuticle, abnormal loss or enlargement phenomenon; This experiment demonstrates that consequence of feeding calves with high concentrate diets tends to change the color of rumen epithelium, and abnormal enlargement of rumen papillaes. Response of adding thiamine tends to relieve the adverse influence of SARA on rumen epithelial’s development.Trial2:This study aims to investigate the effects of concentrate level of diet and thiamine on the rumen fermentation parameters. The experimental results showed that:(1) rumen pH value of high concentrate diet, was less than5.5, and the calves appear SARA, pH value in rumen fluid was significantly improved to ease the rumen acidosis by adding thiamine (P<0.01);(2)the concentration of lactic acid in high concentrate diet group was significantly higher than that in the normal diet group (P<0.01), adding thiamine can significantly reduce lactic acid (P<0.01) and no significant difference compared with normal diet group;(3) the concentration of acetic acid in the high concentrate diet group is significantly lower than that in normal diet group (P<0.01), but the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid is significantly increased (P<0.01).The treatment with adding thiamine can significantly reduce the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid (P<0.01);(4) the ammonia nitrogen concentration in high concentrate group is significantly increased (P<0.01).The treatment with adding thiamine can significantly reduce its concentration (P<0.01).However, it is significantly higher than that in normal diet group(P<0.01). In conclusion, feeding calves with high concentrate diets tend to increase the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, and decrease rumen pH values; However, adding thiamine would improve the rumen fermentation to some extend by increasing rumen pH values.The aim of this experiment3was to study the impact of thiamine on the growth and development of calves and the serum biochemical indicators under the condition of high concentrate diet. Results obtained shown that:(1) there was a significant difference in cheat development of calves between high concentrate diet group and normal diet group (P<0.05), and no significant difference in other growth and development indexes(P>0.05), however the high concentrate levels of diet and adding the properly amount of thiamine tend to promote the growth and development of calves;(2) the concentrate level of diet has no significant influence on the concentrations of albumin, total protein, globulin and A/G in serum(P>0.05), but concentration of glucose and urea nitrogen in serum for high-concentrate diet group is significantly higher than other two groups (P<0.01), the content of concentration of triglyceride for normal diet group was the higher, then for rumen acidosis group, and lowest for rumen acidosis with thiamine group (P<0.01). According to the results of this experiment, it was conducted that a high concentrate diet have a significant influence on development of the rumen of3months’ calves, thiamine addition can adjust the negative consequence rumen development of calves.