Effects Of Straw Returned To The Field With Chemical Fertilizer On The Growth And Yield Of Summer Maize

With high quality and efficiency variety promotion and multiple crop indexincreased, the soil fertility should be improved. Crops straw contains large amounts oforganic matter, and also contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required forcrop growth. Therefore, the straw has become one of the most important agriculturalmaterials which can be used to improve the content of organic matter in the soil, soilfertility, soil structure and increase crop yield. The straw returning rate of north Anhuiis low because most of them are burned which not only pollute the environment butalso waste straw resources.In order to researched the effects of total crushed straw combined with chemicalfertilizer on the growth of the organism and physiological and ecological response formaize, a two consecutive years field experiment was conducted with Zhengdan958which widely cultivated in north China so as to provide theoretical basis forhigh-yield cultivation of the straw returing. The main results are as follows:1. Straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer application can significantlyimproved the soil moisture of0～20cm layer, reduced soil moisture evaporation, andimproved the water retention of soil, thereby improving soil moisture content formaize, the water requirement during growth and development. Continuous doublecropping straw returning combined with mineral fertilizer significantly reduced thesoil bulk density during different growth period.2. Straw returning in two seasons combined with chemical fertilizer applicationsignificantly increased maize leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content and the withdry matter accumulation of nitrogen and groups of different organ and leaf layer,which conducived to improving the photosynthetic chractristic and increase grainfilling degree, providing the material basis for high yield of maize.3. Compared with control (W0C0F1), two test results show that the two quarter,wheat and maize straw returning two seasons combined with chemical fertilizer(W1C1F1) and the filling duration than the single season returning straw treatmentand control treatment significantly extend. Thus, wheat and maize straw returningwith continuous fertilizer technical measures to prolong filling time is to increase theimportant cause of maize grain weight. wheat and maize straw returning the combined with chemical fertilizer application increased average grain filling rate and extendedmaize grain filling stage. It’s the main reason why maize grain weight increased.4. Straw returning was helpful to improve the yield of summer maize. Wheat andmaize straw returning two seasons combined with fertilizer application production isbetter than that of single season straw returning and chemical fertilizer applicationwhich the double cropping of wheat and maize straw and chemical fertilizer treatmentgained the highest yield. At the same time straw returning and chemical fertilizerapplication improved the seed characteristics of ears which lay the foundation of highyield for summer maize. Moreover straw returning and chemical fertilizer applicationimproved the content of maize oil, increased grain protein content and starch contentsignificantly, which is beneficial to improving the grain quality of maize.