| The Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest is the main forest ecotypes in northChina. But constructing the pure forest with simple structure and single species, as well asthe extensive operating management in long term, lead to a series of problems during thedevelopment plantation forest, such as lower productivity, declining stang volume, seriousoccurrence of pest and disease, weak stability of ecosystem etc. Scientific and reasonablemanagement measures are not only beneficial to improve the stand structure, but also havesignificant regulatory effect on forest biodiversity during the growth process of trees.Arthropods are sensitive to environmental changes as an important constituent part ofecosystem, also as the indicators response to habitat changes. Studying on the influencingmechanism of arthropods community structure and diversity with different managementmeasures in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest, and discussing the relationshipbetween management measures and biodiversity as well as stability in terms of forestarthropods, will provid theory basis for reasonable management of Larixprincipis-rupprechtii plantation forest.In this paper take the Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest as the researchregion in Longtoushan forest farm of Mulan forestry administration bureau, which hadtook various management measures such as artificial promoting regeneration(APR),clear-strip method(CSM), group-selection method(GSM), protected promotingrecover(PPR) and unprotected stand(CK). As the research object of arthropods in Larixprincipis-rupprechtii plantation forest, investiqate the arthropods’ species composition andindividual number with the methods of long handle bag-trap pruning, sweeping, handcollecting and pitfall traps in different management stands. Analysis the distributioncharacteristics, community composition of arthropods community as well as changes ofbiodiversity along with seasons in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest; useingSPSS17.0and “Quantitative ecology-Ecosystem diversity” of ForStat statistical analysissoftware to study the response of community structure and biodiversity of arthropods toforest management. On that basis, divid arthropods functional groups in Larixprincipis-rupprechtii plantation forest base on their major feeding habits. Then, analysisthe impact of different management on each functional group, and the effect of each natural enemy in ecosystem stability, reveal the development rule of arthropodsbiodiversity. The primary results are as follows:(1) The results showed that,27972arthropod individuals, which classified into5classes,14orders,108families and309species. Hemiptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera arethe main dominant groups, and the main dominant species are Cinara pinitabulaeformisZhang et Zhang, Tettigella viridis (Linné), larva Tenthredinidae sp. and Tapinoma geeiWheeler. Distribution in vertical structure of arthropods is concentrate on understorey, notonly has the most species(244), the diversity is higher than the other two habitats. There ismuch more larva Tenthredinidae and Lasiocampidae in canopy, individual number is largethough there are less species, the diversity index is higher (0.21633) than surfacelayers(0.07869) and understorey (0.02845).(2) The influence of different management measures on arthropods speciescomposition and individual number are significant difference (P0.05), but forShannon-wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and richness index are indistinctive(P0.05). Compared with the CK, the influence of GSM on arthropods dominantconcentration is difference significant, both the number of species (216) and individuals(5237) are maximum. Influence of7management measures on species composition andindividual number of arthropods in understorey are greater, PPR effect on diversity indexand evenness of arthropods in surface layers and understorey are both significant, GSMeffect on dominance index is significant, but on canopy arthropod’s biodiversity isindistinctive(P0.05).(3) The changes of arthropods community composition along with seasons in Larixprincipis-rupprechtii plantation forest are obvious. Richness of arthropods in June and Julyare higher, individual number in June is apparently higher than July. There are obviousdifference on dominant species among different months, Hymenoptera are the dominantgroup in June and July, and larva Tenthredinidae(26.03%), Formica sinensis(14.44%) aremain dominant species. Hemiptera are the main dominant group in July, August andSeptember, and Empoasca flavescens(18.22%) and Cinara pinitabulaeformis(17.61%) aremain dominant species in August and September.(4) In different management measure forest stands, the seasonal variation ofarthropods community structure are basically in line with result(3), individual number allreached the peak value in June. In May and June, the species number of arthropod inregion of CSM and APR by importing Pinus tabulaeformis(APR-1) are much more, and inregion of GSM are much more in July, August and September. Diversity and dominance ofarthropods of arthropods in different management stand present wavy variation along withseasonal variation, diversity index(4.26243) and evenness index(0.97937) of arthropods areboth higher in July, but dominant index(0.02525) is lowest. Because of collecting ants’nests in PPR stand in June, which lead to a peak value in biodiversity, other measures are all least in May. The diversity variation trend of arthropods’ vertical structure is close tothe whole, and June has the most significant on it.(5) In4functional groups of arthropod in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantationforests, phytophagous functional group have the most individual number (50.68%),predacious functional group take second place (32.92%). The result of variance analysisdisplay: the influence of PPR on predacious group is significant(p0.026), and theinfluence of GSM on phytophagous group is significant(p0.032); moreover, theinfluence of management measures on species composition and biodiversity of naturalenemy biociation is significant(P0.05), while on insect biociation is not(p0.05). Theresult of community stability analysis show that, in APR by importing Pinus tabulaeformis,Picea asperata(S_n/S_p0.98795, S_n/S_p0.95000), and PPR(S_n/S_p0.91860) threemanagement measures stands, the food networks relationship are more complex and havemore interactions each others, but the stand antijamming capability is the most strongest inGSM（d_s/d_m0.08208）. |
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