Optimal Level Of K~+in Diet Of Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) Larvae And Adult

Honey bee is insect of metamorphosis development, their individual developmentthrough four stages-egg stage, larval stage, pupal stage and adult stage. The larval stagenutrition is crucial for the development and health of honey bee. Minerals play an importantrole to nutrition metabolism, ion balance, digestion process of honey bee. Including also playan important role maintain balance of the internal environment, potassium participate in themetabolic pathways, and metabolic processes of bees. At the same time, potassium is enzymeactivation factor, or is the essential elements of larvae develop into adult bees, feed capacityof the entire swarm of worker bees is affected by potassium concentration. In this study,Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) as the research object, with potassium as experimental material,with fresh royal jelly, D-fructose, D-glucose, yeast extract, sterile water and potassiumgluconate as basic larvae diet(BLD), which are assigned into different levels of K~+, with beeryeast, expanded soybean meal, corn flour, potassium gluconate, as the raw material mixtureinto different levels of K~+bee fodder, by measuring the effects of different potassium levelsfodder to bee larvae and adult bees development and Shaker and related gene expression, tofind out the optimal level of K~+in diet of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae and adult.Part1. the optimal level of K~+in diet of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae. Thisexperiment use fresh royal jelly, D-fructose, D-glucose, yeast extract, sterile water todistribution made basic larvae diet(BLD), feeding the control group, the level of k+is1.1mg/g; Adding potassium gluconate in basic larvae diet, mixture k+levels respectively is1.3mg/g,1.5mg/g and1.7mg/g and1.9mg/g, and2.1mg/g and2.3mg/g,2.5mg/g,2.7mg/g,and2.9mg/g. Move1920honey bee larvae, in the48hole cell culture plate. It is randomlydivided into10treatments (4repetitions per treatment). Control group and experimentalgroup were fed corresponding diet. Every day to change larvae feed. Pupa rate and eclosionrate, sugar digestive enzyme activity, Shaker and related gene expression were measured. Theresults showed as follows:1, the potassium levels influence the rate of larvae, pupa and theeclosion rate. As potassium levels was1.5~1.7mg/g, the pupa rate and eclosion rate ishighest, significantly higher than the control group and other experimental group (P <0.05);2, different potassium levels in foods affect larval body weight and birth weight. As potassiumlevels was1.5~2.1mg/g, larval weight is the highest, significantly higher than the controlgroup and other experimental group (P <0.05). When potassium levels was1.7mg/g, thebirth weight is significantly higher than the control group and other experimental group (P <0.05);3, the potassium levels in foods affects the activity of sugar digestive enzymes. amylaseand sucrase activity of control is significantly higher than the experimental group (P <0.05),whereas hexokinase activity with potassium ion concentration is2.9mg/g is significantlyhigher than the control group and other group (P <0.05);4, levels of potassium in larvae dietaffects the expression of related genes. When potassium levels was1.5~1.9mg/g, the mRNAof Vg, CAT, MRJP1expression quantity highest, significantly higher than the control groupand experimental group (P <0.05), while potassium levels was2.5~2.9mg/g, the mRNA ofSH5-1and SH5-2expression quantity highest, significantly higher than the control group andother experimental group (P <0.05), justifying the potassium affect the development of larvaewith molecular level.Part2. the optimal level of K~+in diet of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) adult. Thisexperiment is use new birth worker bees as experimental animals. With beer yeast, puffingflour, corn flour, potassium gluconate, as raw material, to make diet of different potassiumlevels(0.85mg/g,1.1mg/g,1.35mg/g and1.6mg/g,5of1.85mg/g) and feed toexperimental group, control group fed with fresh pollen. From sister queen, randomly grab960new birth workers, were randomly divided into six groups (four repetitions per group).Bees respectively put in bee box, in30to33℃,50R.H. constant temperature and humidityincubator. Fed with corresponding different potassium levels of diets, add sugar water andwater every two days, every5to7days record and remove dead bees. Experimental resultsare as follows:1, the potassium levels in feed affect body weight. When potassium ionconcentration is1.1mg/g, the weight of bees is significantly higher than the control group andother experimental group (P <0.05);2, levels of potassium in diet affecting the service lifeand feed intake of the bee. The control group had a significantly higher survival rate to eachexperimental group (P <0.05); Control group feeding food intake is the largest, and nosignificant difference with group of potassium ion concentration is1.1mg/g (P>0.05), butsignificantly higher than the other four groups (P <0.05).3, levels of potassium in dietsaffected sugar digestive enzyme activity of bees. When potassium concentration is0.85mg/g,amylase activity is significantly higher than the control group and other experimental group (P<0.05); When potassium ion concentration is1.6~1.85mg/g, sucrase activity is significantlyhigher than the control group and other experimental group (P <0.05); When the concentration of potassium ions was1.6~1.85mg/g, hexokinase activity is highest,significantly higher than the control group and other experimental group (P <0.05);4,potassium levels influence the expression of Shaker and related genes. When potassium levelswas0.85~1.35mg/g, the mRNA of SH5-1and SH5-2expression quantity highest, issignificantly higher than the control group and experimental group (P <0.05), whilepotassium levels was0.85~1.15mg/g, mRNA of CAT, MRJP1, Vg expression quantityhighest, is significantly higher than the control group and experimental group (P <0.05).This study shows that the feed in potassium levels affect bee pupa rate and eclosion rate,body weight, feed intake, sugar digestive enzyme activity, expression of Shaker and relatedgene. The optimal potassium level in diets of larvae is1.3~1.9mg/g; the optimal potassiumlevel in diets of workers is1.1~1.6mg/g.