| Plot experiments were set with Xiangzaoxian45and Tianyouhuazhan in Yiyang and Xiangyin. There were6treatments, which respectively were T1(fertilization application without nitrogen), T2(farmers fertilization application), T3(fertilization application for high yield and high efficiency), T4(fertilization application for super high yield), T5(fertilization application for super high yield and high efficiency A) and T6(fertilization application for super high yield and high efficiency B). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different nutrient applications on population quality, yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The results are as follows:Yield:Nutrient application played an important role on yield of double cropping rice. Early rice:T3respectively increased yield of early rice by4.20%,4.80%to T2on the condition of saving20%nitrogen fertilizer in Yiyang and Xiangyin. T5, T6on the condition of saving16.67%nitrogen fertilizer by T4increased yield of early rice by16.60%,18.75%to T2in Yiyang; increased yield of early rice by10.10%,6.75%to T2in Xiangyin. Late rice:T3respectively increased yield of late rice by24.74%,32.53%to T2on the condition of saving18.18%nitrogen fertilizer in Yiyang and Xiangyin. T5, T6on the condition of saving15.38%nitrogen fertilizer by T4increased yield of late rice by29.86%,36.31%to T2in Yiyang; increased yield of late rice by43.24%,44.78%to T2in Xiangyin.Yield components:Nutrient application played an important role on productive panicles, grains per panicle and seed setting rate of double cropping rice. Early rice: T3respectively increased productive panicles of early rice by5.61%,17.80%to T2in Yiyang and Xiangyin.T4, T5, T6increased productive panicles of early rice by33.60%,32.33%,33.84%to T2in Yiyang; increased productive panicles of early rice by27.62%,24.73%,20.83%to T2in Xiangyin. Late rice:T3respectively increased productive panicles of late rice by49.68%,24.35%to T2in Yiyang and Xiangyin.T4, T5, T6increased productive panicles of late rice by67.11%,56.62%,56.19%to T2in Yiyang; increased productive panicles of late rice by45.74%,34.01%,29.02%to T2in Xiangyin.SPAD value:Nutrient application played an important role on SPAD value in the functional leaf of double cropping rice. Early rice:T3respectively increased SPAD value of filling stage by3.05%,7.12%to T2in Yiyang and Xiangyin. T4, T5, T6increased SPAD value of filling stage by17.70%,15.58%,16.65%to T2in Yiyang; increased SPAD value of filling stage by15.89%,14.96%,15.50%to T2in Xiangyin. Late rice:T3respectively increased SPAD value of filling stage by11.86%,4.41%to T2. T4, T5, T6increased SPAD value of filling stage by17.17%,20.72%,16.37%to T2in Yiyang; increased SPAD value of filling stage by6.89%,9.39%,9.18%to T2in Xiangyin. Moreover, there was an extremely significant correlation between SPAD value and chlorophyll content at different soil fertility level. The middle parts of the full expanded leaves were the most optimum position for chlorophyll content test of double cropping rice by chlorophyll meter.Dry matter accumulation and translocation:Nutrient application played an important role on dry matter accumulation after heading stage of double cropping rice. Early rice:T3respectively increased dry matter accumulation after heading stage by43.57%,18.88%to T2in Yiyang and Xiangyin. T4, T5,T6increased dry matter accumulation after heading stage by123.22%,80.85%,94.00%to T2in Yiyang; increased dry matter accumulation after heading stage by22.05%,23.64%,22.91%to T2in Xiangyin. Late rice:T3respectively increased dry matter accumulation after heading stage by36.39%,,34.15%to T2in Yiyang and Xiangyin. T4,T5,T6increased dry matter accumulation after heading stage by49.04%,39.43%,41.46%to T2in Yiyang; increased dry matter accumulation after heading stage by54.78%,37.78%,46.65%to T2in Xiangyin. Moreover, there was an extremely significant correlation between yield of double cropping rice and dry matter accumulation after heading stage at different soil fertility.Therefore, to increase the accumulation of dry matter after heading stage played an important role on yield of double cropping rice. At different soil fertility level, dry matter accumulation amount in various organs of double cropping rice was in the order of grain> stem> leaf> spikelet stalk. Nutrient application played an important role on dry matter accumulation of various organs of double cropping rice.Nutrient uptake and utilization:At different soil fertility level, N, P, K uptake amount distribution of various organs of double cropping rice were different.Both N and P uptake amount in various organs were in the order of grain> stem or leaf> spikelet stalk, K uptake amount n various organs was in the order of stem>spikelet stalk> leaf> grain. Nutrient application played an important role on dry matter accumulation and N, P, K uptake amount of various organs of double cropping rice. Early rice:T3respectively increased N uptake amount by7.06%,11.21%; P uptake amount by18.65%,9.80%; K uptake amount by3.95%,1.05%to T2. T4, T5,T6increased N uptake amount by44.51%,44.87%,45.61%; P uptake amount by55.04%,48.73%,58.48%; K uptake amount by32.17%,23.64%,28.21%to T2in Yiyang. increased N uptake amount by21.48%,28.12%,32.11%, P uptake amount by18.69%,22.98%,28.22%; K uptake amount by13.69%,10.02%,14.17%to T2in Xiangyin. Late rice:T3respectively increased N uptake amount by44.89%,48.00%, P uptake amount by42.37%,59.70%, K uptake amount by56.60%,56.97%to T2. T4, T5,T6increased N uptake amount by60.00%,60.22%,60.94%, P uptake amount by70.06%,62.74%,68.46%, K uptake amount by68.60%,61.61%,62.79%to T2in Yiyang; increased N uptake amount by68.34%,69.42%,70.39%, P uptake amount by78.29%,81.09%,77.84%, K uptake amount by70.92%,67.57%,72.18%to T2in Xiangyin. Moreover, there was an extremely significant correlation between N, P, K uptake amount&N, P, K absorption of100-kg seed and grain weight at different soil fertility level.Nitrogen use efficiency:Nutrient application played an important role on nitrogen use efficiency of double cropping rice. Early rice:T3respectively increased nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) of early rice by8.68and9.92percentage points to T2in Yiyang and Xiangyin. T5, T6increased NRE by9.27and10.51percentage points to T4in Yiyang; increased NRE by9.16and11.26percentage points to T4in Xiangyin. Late rice:T3respectively increased NRE by33.44and31.67percentage points to T2in Yiyang and Xiangyin. T5, T6increased NRE by7.08and7.36 percentage points to T4in Yiyang; increased NRE by7.54and8.95percentage points to T4in Xiangyin.Carbon and nitrogen metabolites:Nitrogen metabolism of double cropping rice was more exuberant during the vegetative growth stage, and carbon metabolism was more exuberant during the reproductive growth stage. Nutrient application played an important role on carbon and nitrogen metabolites in stem and leaf of double cropping rice. Early rice:T3respectively increased total amounts of soluble sugar and free amino acid at maturity stage by29.87%,22.66%and31.63%,13.47%to T2. T4, T5,T6increased total amounts of soluble sugar and free amino acid at maturity stage by50.27%,50.83%,54.95%and88.16%,64.56%,52.76%to T2in Yiyang; increased total amounts of soluble sugar and free amino acid at maturity stage by26.97%,31.96%,55.31%and27.03%,37.34%,49.97%to T2in Xiangyin. Late rice:T3respectively increased total amounts of soluble sugar and free amino acid at maturity stage by61.34%,33.64%and82.46%,65.54%to T2. T4, T5,T6increased total amounts of soluble sugar and free amino acid at maturity stage by109.59%,160.42%,155.64%and94.73%,143.51%,134.03%to T2in Yiyang; increased total amounts of soluble sugar and free amino acid at maturity stage by55.81%,51.97%,49.72%and85.99%,89.03%,101.26%to T2in Xiangyin. Moreover, there was a significant correlation or an extremely significant correlation between yield and total amounts of soluble sugar and free amino acid at different soil fertility level. |
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