| To find out the influence and effect mechanism of different materials on the cold waterlogged paddy field, and to achieve the production potential of the cold waterlogged paddy field, the experiment was conducted by adding different materials for the cold waterlogged paddy field at2012and2013. There were six treatments in2012:the control (CK) without material, fly ash (FA), fly ash plus soybean powder (FA+SP), soybean powder (SP); lime (L); lime plus soybean powder (L+SP). There were no different treatments between2012to2013except for soybean powder which was replaced by black carbon (BC) in2013. The aim were to study the influence of different materials for soil characteristic and rice production, physiology in the cold waterlogged paddy field, to provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving the cold waterlogged paddy field. The main results were as follows:1. Treatments with material applied compared to CK can significantly, increased large aggregate (>lmm) content except for black carbon, and enhanced soil organic matter content, inhibited the rising of reducing substances (ferrous and manganous) in soil after rice tillering stage, reduced its content at rice booting stage, and increased soil available nutrient content (NN, AN, AK). In addition, lime can improve soil temperature in15cm layer.The treatment with L+SP was most obviously, The content of large aggregate, organic matter, NN, AN, AK increased by20.7%,8.6%,624%,10.3%,21.3%compared to CK, respectively.2. The influence of material to soil enzyme is different. Among them, the influence of organic material (black carbon, soybean powder) on soil urease was significant; Lime and soybean powder can significantly increased the activities of soil invertase, but there were no effect on soil neutral phosphatase among all of the Treatments with material. The best effect in improving soil enzyme activity was to applying lime and soybean powder together, the activity of soil urease, invertase increased by95.7%,95.8%compared to CK, respectively.3.Material amendment had no influence on free proline content of rice leaf compared to CK, but significantly reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of rice leaf at tillering stage, significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and rice leaf SPAD values at booting stage except for black carbon, improved light resources utilization rate per unit area, promoted the rice dry matter accumulation above ground, and finally improved the rice yield. The treatment with L+SP was most obviously. 4. According to correlation analysis, there was significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) between the content Fe2+and soil enzymes (urease and neutral phosphatase, invertase), and the same relationship between ferrous, manganous and soil nitrate nitrogen (NN), available potassium (AK). Reducing the reducibility of soil, ferrous content drops, can improve the activity of soil enzyme, increase soil available nutrient content. Rice yield and soil manganous, ferrous content has significant negative correlation (P<0.05), and soil urease activity, the content of nitrate nitrogen was significantly positive correlation (P<0.05); Reducing Ferrous (manganous) content and increasing the content of available nutrients can improve the rice yield.In sum, applying different materials (fly ash, lime, soybean powder and black carbon) to the cold waterlogged paddy field, can improve soil physical and chemical properties, reduce the reducibility and ferrous content after rice tillering stage of soil, increase the soil available nutrient content and the activity of soil urease, invertase, and improve the yield of rice. The effect of fly ash with soybean powder and lime with soybean powder for increasing rice production is most obvious, can improve rice yields by16.2%16.2%.The effect of inorganic and organic material combined utilization is significantly higher than the single use of inorganic or organic material. |
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