Development Of A Specific Bio-Organic Fertilizer For Biocontrol Of Fusarium Wilt Of Ginger And Plant Growth Promotion

Ginger Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi and Fusarium solani is one of the most destructive soil-borne disease and has been seriously affected the yield and quality of ginger. The chemical control of the disease causes serious environmental pollution; therefore, the bio-control of ginger Fusarium wilt becomes an environmentally safe, economic, and effective method. This paper primarily studies the biocontrol of ginger Fusarium wilt. The results are as follow:1. A pathogenetic fungus strain was isolated from the diseased ginger in Pingdu, Shandong province, which was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi by morphological identification, ITS sequence analysis and inoculation experiment. It was concluded that the occurance of ginger Fusarium wilt was related to the abundance of pathogen in both rhizosphere and bulk soil, while the disease incidence was mainly determined by the number of the pathogen in plant rhizosphere soil.2. The antagonistic strain was isolated from soil which could effectively inhibit the ginger Fusarium wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. Based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain, was primarily identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and named as strain NJPRHSDAQ-1. Antibiotic genes ituA、ituB、ituuC、ituD、bam and fenB responsible for the synthesis of Iturin, Fengycin and Bacillomycin were detected by PCR method in the genome of strain NJPRHSDAQ-1, which showed broad-spectrum antibiotic property against a number of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The strain R1could get the maximum growth at temperature of30～37℃, initial pH of7.0, glucose as carbon source, and peptone or yeast powder as nitrogen source.3. Pot experiment was designed to study the biocontrol and growth promoting effect of bio-organic fertilizer fermented by the strain NJPRHSDAQ-1(BF). The study found that, BF could significantly enhance the ginger growth and the increased percentages by BF on ginger branch NO., plant height, stem grith, shoot fresh weight and rhizome weight were39.52%,67.43%,37.34%,216.89%and33.81%, respectively. The BF showed highly significant control of ginger Fusarium wilt with a biocontrol rate of80.1%. Compared with the control, the application of bio-organic fertilizer could significantly increase ginger superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activity, while reduced the content of MDA in leaves.4. Effect of ginger specific biological organic fertilizer could significantly improve the ginger plant rhizosphere soil bacteria,and actinomycetes, reduced the number of Fusarium oxysporum.5. Application of ginger specific bio-organic fertilizer in field could significantly increase the ginger plant branch number, plant height, stem girth, shoot fresh weight and rhizome fresh weight. Field application of ginger special biological organic fertilizer improved the yield of ginger. In field A, B and C, the yield of ginger was76466.00kg·ha-1,91375.20kg·ha-1and95058.18kg·ha-1, respectively; which showed the increase rate of24.02%,23.46%and28.43%, respectively, over control. Application of ginger specific bio-organic fertilizer in field also significantly improved the nutritional quality of ginger.