Study On The Litters Of Bio-Bed System And The Monitoring Of Environmengtal Factors In Livestocks

Bio-bed system is the culture model that pigs excrete faeces and urine on the litters directly from piglet to finisher, and because of the natural of pigs, they stir the litter and mix the faeces and urine with padding use their nose. The microbe in litters can use the nutrition of excretion, and degrade the organic substance finally. Fermentation of microbe is the core of bio-bed system. Litters in bed provide the essential material and condition for the microbe.Purpose:In the popularization of fermentation, there is a large amount of usage of the litters.In Jiangsu provice,there is rich rice husk, straw, rice husk carbon resource and mushroom bran, vinegar residue, distiller’s grain industrial by-product and other resource branch,resused litter,and so on.whether or not,they can instead of the traditional litters,and further determine optimum prescription.By research,there can resovle a shortage of traditional litter promoting the application and popularity of pig-on-litter-system and pushing the development of ecological and heathy aquaculture.Determine index and method:Fermentation temperature;the meat quality index; daily gain;feed-meat ratio; ammonia gas;temperature and humiture;wind speed; Drying method, Micro-Kjeldahl Method, starch blue colorimetric method, potassium bichromate titrimetric method.Result:1. Bio-bed system made by mushroom residue has high and stable fermentation temperature.The average temperature stay in55℃for mushroomresidue, above40℃for Chinese medicine residue, branch, rice husk, distiller’s grain;For straw,vinegar,rice husk, the temperature is below38℃, but,all is above30℃。2. The water content is over30%in the0-10cm deep from the litter surface layer which fermenent for60d and90d.We also detect the water content of10-20cm deep,and result in the range from40%to60%. ammonium nitrogen in vinegar residue and distiller’s grain is higher than other kinds.The C:N ratio is over30:1in every groups.3. Mushroom residue, Chinese medicine residue, rice husk, vinegar residue and rice husk charcoal can enhance the growth performance of pigs according to daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The test of chemical and physical properties of muscle of each group in slaughter experiment indicated that there was no significant difference between each group.4. bio-bed system made by reused packing increased mortality of pigs.5. In the proportional research of straw, vinegar residue, vinasse, rice husk carbon and mushroom residue, it was found that20%or40%rice husk,83.87%straw,55.56%vinasse,30%rice husk carbon,96.26%mushroom residue were more suitable to made fermentation bed considering the variation of temperature.6. In July and August,the highest air temperature of bio-bed piggery at midday was higher than control piggery about2-3℃, and1-2℃higher at lowest air temperature at midnight.In the fall and winter, the highest air temperature of bio-bed piggery was higher than control piggery about1-2℃, staying for a short time,and4-5℃lower at lowest air temperature, temperature difference between day and night was very significant. There is a high Humidity in bio-bed piggery which spent2/3of a day in the range over90%.It showed that in autumn and winter pigs in pig-on-litter piggery stayed in a clammy environment, and the cold stress was more fierce than control piggery.7. Research indicated that the concentration of ammonia of fermentation bed piggery was higher than control piggery in the same period.8. The determination of wind speed of control piggery and fermentation bed piggery by natural ventilation indicated that there was no significant difference between them, both of their heat dissipation effect were undesirable. Adding the fan could improve the wind velocity significantly, but the wind speed is still below0.5m/s.Conclusion:1. Estimating from the ability of excreta decomposition and performance trait, Mushroom residue, Chinese medicine residue, rice husk, staw,and rice husk charcoal are the first choice for the bio-bed system.The area where exist large amount of branch, vigegar residue can try using those as litters.But, there was no significant effect on muscle quality between each other.On the whole,there is not adaptable for using resused litter.2. For the distribution of different resource,20%or40%rice husk,83.87%straw,55.56%vinegar residue,41.86%vinasse,96.26%mushroom residue were good on the fermentation temperature.3. The movable bio-bed piggery builded in this experiment was muggy in summer and clammy in winter, and caused hot and cold stress to pigs.4. The excreta was degraded by microbe and released some ammonia, but the concentration of it was lower than control piggery.