| The red swamp crayfish(Procambarus clarkii) is commonly known as freshwater crayfish, native to the southern United States Louisiana and northern Mexico. The crayfish was initially introduced into Nanjing, China from Japan, then it has been widely distributed in inland waters in China. The crayfish has low requirement of water quality and wide adaptability to environment changes, with exuberant vitality and fertility. The meat of crayfish is tender, nutritious and enriches unsaturated fatty acids, protein and free fatty acids, micro-elements, etc. After1990s, with the increases of people’s living standards in China and the demand of shrimp proteins, the crayfish consumption has been increasing day by day. The crayfish resource declined due to over-fishing. Therefore crayfish aquaculture has attracted people’s attention, and crayfish production became the economic pillar industry in the agriculture areas. There are also differences in crayfish aquaculture industry development between different breeding areas, the different breeding facilities, consumption levels and the geographical conditions.Huaian locates in the Huanghuai and Jianghuai plains, crossing the North-South dividing line, with four clearly divided seasons, concentrated rainfall, hot summer and cold winter, sufficient sunlight, and rich of sunshine. There are many rivers and lakes in the region, the water and natural bait resources provides a unique condition for the crayfish growth and breeding. In recent years, with the supports of municipal government, the crayfish breeding industry in Xuyi, Huaian got a rapid development. The crayfish industry has become one of10local pillar agricultural industries after years of rapid development, with an annual output of100000tons of crayfish,200000tons of marketing sales, production value above3billion yuan in2009, and100000employees involved. It has gradually formed a production chain, consisted of breeding, processing, marketing, catering, tourism and biological chemistry and crayfish became a brand of the HuaiAn image, representing of huaian culture. Crayfish was favored by consumers at home and abroad with the HuaiAn local unique diet culture and rich of medicinal value, Crayfish industry increasingly play a role in the modern agricultural economy. This paper first elaborates the crayfish resources and biological characteristics, the general situation of crayfish aquaculture both in China and abroad. Survey data on some typical farms and fisheries communities of Huaian county in years2010and2011were conducted by the competent department, and related literature data were used for analysis and comparison on the current situation on crayfish aquaculture. The present status of crayfish aquaculture in Huai’an City was analyzed, which included the seed production, culture patterns, disease prevention and control, organizational models and technology services, etc. And the geographic and natural resources, technology and policy advantages of Huai’an City were also explained.Based on the factors analysis on the healthy and sustainable development of crayfish aquaculture in HuaiAn, the countermeasures for the sustainable development are discussed:1, conduct crayfish resources survey, enhance the protection for high quality germplasm resources and breeding area of crayfish, carry out research on induced breeding base;2, strengthen the large open water stock enhancement and aquaculture of crayfish, polyculture of fish and crayfish, develop high efficiency culture pattern;3, Establishment of early warning system of eco-aquaculture of crayfish epidemic situation, carry out disease research and prevention for crayfish;4. improving the information management system for crayfish, promoting the ecological breeding technology, through establishment of crayfish breeding standards, to improve the technical monitoring and ensure the quality and safety;5, establish a science and technology demonstration farm and speed up the extension of science and technology in the cities and counties level. Strengthen the technical training for crayfish farmers and improve their skill level. |
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