Effects Of Combined Application Of Organic And Chemical Fertilizers On Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat And Summer Maize

Cropland degradation, caused by both overuse of chemical fertilizer and global climatechange, has led cropland loss at a sharp rate in the past decades. Besides huge economiclosses, it has also brought the harmfulness on soil fertility and food security. Combinedorganic manure with chemical fertilizer displayed the bests result in improving soil quality,protecting environment, improving grain quality and mainting crop yields. On the premise ofapplying equivalent total nitrogen, six treatments were designed:100%organic manure (M),75%organic manure plus25%chemical fertilizer (MNPK1),50%cattle manure plus50%chemical fertilizer (MNPK2),25%organic manure plus75%chemical fertilizer (MNPK3),100%chemical fertilizer (NPK), and no fertilization (CK).The results as follows:1Effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizerson soil physical and chemical propertiesReplacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure improved soil structure，reduced soilbulk density，increased organic matter，total nitrogen，available nitrogen content of soil，especially the0~20cm layer，and increased the nitrogen use efficiency.2Effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizerson postpone aging process of plantsDynamics of LAI and leaf function were major indicators to reflect aging process of plants.25%organic manure plus75%chemical fertilizer (MNPK3) and50%cattle manure plus50%chemical fertilizer (MNPK2) treatments maintaind a high leaf area of winter wheat andsummer maize, increased chlorophyll content and SOD, POD, CAT activity, and significantly decreased MDA content.3Effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizerson nitrogen use efficiencyThe MNPK3treatment improved nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat, increased87.4%、8.3%、8.6%、10.8%（P<0.05）, respectively compared with M, MNPK1, MNPK2,NPK treatment; The MNPK2treatment improved nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize,increased76.8%、16.6%、9.9%.、9.5%（P>0.05）, respectively compared with M,(MNPK1),MNPK3, NPK treatment.4Effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizerson the dry matter and grain yield of winter wheat and summer maizeM treatment improved dry matter accumulation and stem dry weight of wheat. AndMNPK2increased maize above-ground dry matter accumulation and grain yield.Grain yields achieved12529kg/hm2(with winter wheat of6186.251kg/hm2and summermaize of6342.75kg/hm2) in treatment MNPK3. Compared with CK, the yield of MNPK3treatment was increased121%.5Effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizerson quality of winter wheat and summer maizeThere were significant differences between the six treatments in crude proteinimprovement. The winter wheat crude protein of treatment MNPK3was remarkablyincreased by129%compared with CK, and by3%compared with NPK; while maize crudeprotein was increased by53%compared with CK, and by7%compared with NPK.100%organic manure (M) improved dough developmental time, dough stability time, andsedimentation volume of wheat grain, respectively increased by1.9%,3.8%and decrease1.4%compared with100%chemical fertilizer (NPK).