| Lampreys have been novel model organisms in the research of the evolutionary origin of adaptive immunity due to their unique position in chordate phylogeny.The jawed vertebrates have evolved adaptive immune system which features a repertoire of highly diverse antigen receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily(Ig SF).An important feature of the adaptive immune system is the capacity for memory of specific pathogenic encounters, which provides a more rapid response to the previously encountered pathogens and enhanced prevention of the second invasion.In2004, Pancer Z, et al confirmed that the adaptive immune system of jawless vertebrates(lampreys) is based on variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs).Three types of VLR molecules—VLRA, VLRB and VLRC have been identified to date.Only VLRB+lymphocytes could undergo lymphoblastoid transformation, proliferation and differentiation into plasmacytes and finally secrete multivalent VLRB antibodies.Lamprey could be the best model organism for the research of the only known adaptive immune system not based on immunoglobulin. However, without the standard immunization programme, the following immunological studies remain blocked with difficulties. To address these issues, Lampetra japonica (L. japonica) were immunized with various kind of antigens including Escherichia coli(E.coli), Bacillus proteus(B.proteus), Mycobacterium smegmatis (M.smegmattis), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), rabbit red blood cells(RRBCs), sheep red blood cells(SRBCs), NB4cells,HepG2cells and Hela cells. Moreover the bacteriolytic and hemolytic activities of Lamprey antisera against corresponding antigen have also been testified. All these works will definitely promote the research of the evolutionary origin of adaptive immunity... |
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