Efficacy Of Medical Nutrition Therapy On Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is commonly defined asany degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognitionduring pregnancy．It is reported the prevalence of GDM is between1to14percent of pregnancies in the world. GDM occurs in1to5percent of pregnancies in China and is growing in recent years.Studies show GDM is associated with an increased risk of adverseperinatal outcomes including pregnancy-induced hypertensionsyndrome, premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery,cesarean section rate, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia,neonatal respiratory distress and so on. Women with GDM are athigh risk of subsequent development of type2diabetes. Therefore,it is important to find safe and effective treatments forgestational diabetes mellitus for improving life quality ofgravida and perineonate. Studies show that the key to improvethe perinatal outcomes is controlling maternal blood glucose. As the main treatment, medical nutrition therapy has attractedmore and more attention.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of medical nutrition therapy onpregnant outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsRetrospective analysis of131GDM patients diagnosed by OGTTin our hospital from June2011to February2012.61cases onlyfor medical therapy were enrolled as research group(MNT group).60cases without medical nutrition treatment were selected asthe GDM control group The rest10GDM patients were excluded forreceiving insulin treatment.60cases were selected from normalpregnant women over the same period in our hospital as controlgroup. Maternal and fetal complications were observed among eachgroup.ResultsIn medical nutrition therapy group, the rate of macrosomia,neonatal hypoglycemia, the incidence of neonatalhospitalization and polyhydramnios were lower thannon-intervention group (P<0.05). There was no significantdifference in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, fetalmalformations, fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, cesarean section rate, full-term low birthweight children and neonatal respiratory distress betweenmedical nutrition therapy group and non-intervention group（P＞0.05). In non-intervention group, the rate of macrosomia,neonatal hypoglycemia, the incidence of neonatalhospitalization and polyhydramnios were higher than controlgroup (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in fetalmalformations, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome,premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, fetal distress,cesarean section rate, full-term low birth weight children,neonatal respiratory distress between non-intervention groupand control group（P＞0.05）. There was no significant differencein polyhydramnios, fetal malformations, pregnancy-inducedhypertension syndrome, premature rupture of membranes, pretermdelivery, fetal distress, cesarean section rate, macrosomia,cesarean section rate, full-term low birth weight children,neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal hypoglycemia and theincidence of neonatal hospitalization between medical nutritiontherapy group and normal control group（P＞0.05）.ConclusionsMedical nutrition therapy can effectively reduce the perinatalcomplications of gestational diabetes mellitus, and promote maternal and neonatal outcomes.