| ObjectiveStudy on the difference of risk-taking decision-makings between patients with unipolar depressive disorder and healthy controls when they are evoked by happy mood and sad mood. Investigate the relationship between the different kinds of the (traditional Chinese medicine) TCM syndrome differentiation and the factors of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).MethodsTwenty cases of depression patient group and normal control group were induced by happy mood, and other twenty cases of the two groups were evoked by sad mood too, and other twenty cases of the two groups without emotion induction respectively. There are no differences of the members among groups. Participants of the sad mood group and the happy mood group have done risk decision test after emotion induction separately and the participants without emotion induction have took part in the test directly. Then the effects of emotion induction and the difference of risk-taking decision-making between the depression patients and the normal participants was compared. TCM syndrome differentiations of depressed patients were distinguished. The relationship between the different kinds of the TCM syndrome differentiation and the factors of HAMD was investigated.Results1. In the evoked happiness and sadness statement, comparing the depressed patient group and the control group, after the emotion induction of happy mood, the emotion evoked strength of depression patient group is weaker than the normal control group significantly (P<0.05); after the emotion induction of sad mood, emotion evoked strength of depression patient group is stronger than the normal control group significantly (P<0.05). Comparing within the two groups separately, for the depression patient group, the emotion intensity of the sad mood stimulation is stronger than the happy mood stimulation significantly (P<0.05); for the healthy group, the emotion strength of the sad mood stimulation is weaker than the happy mood stimulation significantly (P<0.05).2. The risky response rate after reward and punishment as follows:(a) Comparing between groups without emotion induction, the risky response rate of the depression patient group is significantly fewer than the control group after being punished(P<0.05); the risky response rate of the depression patient group after being rewarded is significantly fewer than the control group, too (P<0.05). Comparing within the two groups separately without emotion induction, for the depression patient group, the risky response rate after reward is significantly more than after punishment(P<0.05); for the control group, the risky response rate after reward is also significantly more than after punishment (P<0.05).(b) Comparing with the group without emotion induction, the risky response rate average of the depression patient group when they are rewarded or punished is more after the emotion induction of happy mood, but both of them are not statistical significant(P>0.05). Comparing with the group without emotion induction, the risky response rate average of the depression patient group when they are rewarded or punished is significantly fewer after the emotion induction of sad mood (P<0.05).(c) Comparing with the group without emotion induction, the risky response rate average of the healthy group when they are rewarded or punished is significantly more after the emotion induction of happy mood (P<0.05). Comparing with the group without emotion induction, the risky response rate average of the normal control group when they are rewarded or punished is fewer after the emotion induction of sad mood, but both of them are not significantly (P>0.05).3. Typing according to Syndrome Differentiation of TCM, for the60cases of the depression patients, the proportions of liver depression and spleen deficiency, liver depression and qi stagnation, deficiency of heart and spleen syndrome, deficiency syndrome of both liver and kidney yin and other types are32%(n=19),27%(n=16),23%(n=14),13%(n=8) and5%(n=3) respectively. 4. Comparing the HAMD scores of the types of liver depression and qi stagnation with other syndromes though multiple comparison which was done with one-way ANOVA.The results as follows:(a) HAMD total score(F=3.58,P<0.05),then to LSD test, deficiency syndrome of both liver and kidney yin is higher than liver depression and qi stagnation significantly (P<0.05). However, there are no significant differences between other syndromes (P>0.05).(b) For the first factor scores of anxiety/somatization(F=3.71, P<0.05), then to LSD test,the score of deficiency of heart and spleen syndrome is higher than liver depression and qi stagnation significantly (P<0.05); However, there are no significant differences between other syndromes (P>0.05).(c) For the second factor score of weight loss(F=4.28, P<0.05), then to LSD test, the score of liver depression and spleen deficiency is higher than liver depression and qi stagnation significantly (P<0.05); the score of deficiency of heart and spleen syndrome is higher than liver depression and qi stagnation significantly (P<0.05) too. However, there are no significant differences between other syndromes (P>0.05).(d) For the third factor scores of cognition disorders(F=3.93, P<0.05), then to LSD test, there is significant difference between deficiency syndrome of both liver and kidney yin and liver depression and qi stagnation (P<0.05), but there are no significant differences between other syndromes (P>0.05).(e) For the forth factor score of block(F=4.43, P<0.05), then to LSD test, the score of liver depression and spleen deficiency is higher than liver depression and qi stagnation significantly (P<0.05); However, there are no significant differences between other syndromes (P>0.05).(f) For the fifth factor score of sleep disorders, there are no significant differences between all the type syndromes(F=2.65, P>0.05).Conclusions1. Patients with depression response to happy mood and reward stimulation slowly, while, depressed patients response to sad mood and punishment stimulation sensitively. Patients like avoiding risk-taking decision-making, especially, under negative stimulation; they are more inclined to avoid risk.2. Greater proportions of common types of TCM syndrome differentiation of patients with unipolar depressive disorder are liver depression and spleen deficiency, liver depression and qi stagnation and deficiency of heart and spleen syndrome.3. The HAMD total score of depressive patients with deficiency syndrome of both liver and kidney yin is the highest, so are the scores of the factors of cognition disorders and block. The scores of the depressive patients with deficiency of heart and spleen syndrome are higher on the factors of anxiety/somatization and weight loss. The score of the depressive patients with liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency is higher on the factors of weight loss. The score of the factor of sleep disorders is not different significantly among all the types of TCM syndromes. |
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