Research On The Development Of A Finite Element Human Head Model And The Crash Injury Based On The Characteristics Of Fracture

Traumatic head injury often result in severe injury and even death in vehicularaccidents.Skull fracture is one of the frequent types of severe traumatic headinjuries,and the main protector of the soft brain tissue against external forces was theskull bone. Consequently, it is necessary to research on the biomechanics andmechanism of skull fracture.and it will be practical for establishtion of the Headprotection standards and improvement of the vehicle safety design. Finite elementmethod is a powerful tool for the research on traumatic head injuries.The accuracy ofthe simulation depends on the precise structure of the of the head and selection ofaccurate biomechanical material.In order to describe the biomechanical response ofthe skull more accurately,this paper has established a finite element model of headwith the characteristics of fracture based on real anatomy structure; validate the modelbased on cadaveric experimental on the aspect the characteristics of skull;andeventually the model was applied in vehicle frontal collision,when head impactedwith the steering wheel without airbag, a variety of factors affected the head injury areanalyzed.The earliest version of the three-dimensional was established in1975, During thepast forty years, many research achievement have been presented, it still needsimprovement for the finite element model of the head to apply to the assessment ofinjure in traffic accident. Based on the previous studies about patterns andmechanisms of skull fracture and the method to establish and analyse.This paperestablished an50percentile FE model of head with a detailed skull and facial boneswith the ANSYS ICEM CFD and Hypermesh. the skull included the outer corticallayer, middle cancellous layer and was meshed by three layered brick elements. Themain structure of head consisted of brain,cerebellum,cerebrum,flax, skull, facial bone,scalp, CFS.FE model of the facial bone included the nasal bone, zygomaticbone and maxillary bone.the entire model consisted of138569nodes,122375solidelements, and16141shell elements and weighed4.57kilograms. skull material wasdefined as elastic-plastic material,A break-deletion element process was used torepresent the pathological phenomena of skull fracture.Four cadaver experiments were simulated to validate the FE head model. thesimulation of experiments conducted by Yoganandan and Verschueren and theexperiments about facial bone conducted by Nyquist and Allsop was compared withthe corresponding results of experiments. The curves of the contact force anddeformation in the contact area of head was calculated, and the break-deletionelement process was presented.The results of these simulations fit well with those ofthe cadaver experiments and can simulate the The fracture mode,suggesting that thismodel has high biofidelity and can be used to provide reference for injury simulationin accident.Moreover, the FE head was applied to the collision with the steering wheelwithout installing airbag at different speed, with varying steering wheel angle whenvehicle frontal collision happened, and the prediction of the injury risk of skullfractures was made, and the results of head injury by comparative analysis withcontrol variate method. The results indicated that skull fracture influenced obviouslyby the velocity.The contact force will increase with increasing velocity and thethickness of the skeleton. Contact force decreased with increasing angle of thesteering wheel.This paper established almost the50th percentile based on the head of Chineseresearch on the aspects of skull injury.And researched on the skull injury using fourcadaver experiments impacting different places of the skull and will provide referencefor the vehicle accidents in the future.