Association Of Dietary Patterns With Metabolic Syndrome In Professional Women In Jinan

ObjectiveTo investigate the dietary patterns of professional women in Jinan. To explore the possible associations between dietary patterns and the incidence of metabolic syndrome. To lay a foundation for the study of the relationship between dietary patterns and diseases. To provide a reference of the health management for professional women.MethodProfessional women who had a physical examination in the medical examination center of one hospital in Jinan from November2010to October2012with the age of21-60years old were randomly selected to complete a questionnaire concerning food-intakes and food-frequency in the last year. Data of dietary survey, anthropometric data including height, weight and blood pressure were collected. And blood index including biochemistry assays results also were collected. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns based on the dietary survey. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the protective and harmful effects of food patterns. People were sorted into four equal parts by descending the scores of each dietary patterns. Analyzing and comparing the distribution of metabolic syndrome prevalence in different equal parts of populations.Results1. Basic information The mean of BMI was22.91±3.15, the prevalence of overweight(24.0≤BMI≤27.9) and obesity were25.52%and7.92%respectively. The ratio of systolic blood pressure≥140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure≥90mmHg was15.18%. The age and BMI Spearman bivariate correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between age and BMI. Pearson bivariate correlation analysis found that systolic blood pressure (r=0.475,P=0.000) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.433, P=0.000) were positively correlated with age. With the increase of age, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and high blood pressure in Professional women tended to increase. The catering and service industries occupied the highest proportion in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and high blood pressure.2. Consumption of Different food GroupsNutrient daily intakes were compared with the Chinese Balanced Diet Pagoda, most women meet the recommended daily intakes of cereals, vegetables, fruits and poultry meat. The intakes of fat, eggs and salt were beyond the upper limit of the recommended dietary Pogoda.Consumption of fish and shrimps,milk and soybeans was lower than the floor limit of the recommended daily intake, especially the milk were severely insufficient and was66.1percent lower than the floor limit. A significant negative correlation had revealed between age and intakes of vegetables and fruit in rank correlation analysis, refined grains, eggs, fat and water showed significant positive correlation with age.3. Dietary patternsThe Bartlett Test of Sphericity and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy were used to assess data adequacy for factor analysis. Both the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index(KMO=0.749>0.6)and Bartlett’s test(X2=1370.93, P=0.000) indicated that the correlation among the variables was sufficiently strong for a factor analysis. Factors were retained based on the Scree plot. According to eigen value and Scree plot, four factors were retained in this study. The identified factors were rotated by varimax rotation to achieve greater interpretability of the factors. Four factors explained50.67%of the variability. Retain the food type of which the factor loading were greater than0.35in the dietary pattern. Finally, four dietary patterns were identified in this population:1) vegetarian pattern(loading heavily on coarse grains and fresh fruit),2) refined grains and meat pattern(loading heavily on refined grains and meat),3) oils pattern (high in fats and oils and low in vegetables),4) vegetables and fish pattern(high in fresh vegetables, fish and shellfish). The linear regression analysis showed that there is a linear relationship between dietary patterns and five indicators including body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose levels and triglycerides (F=71.234、12.633、9.257、3.280、2.674,P<0.05)4. Dietary patterns and metabolic syndromeVegetarian pattern, refined grains and meat pattern, vegetables and fish pattern were associated with the prevalence rate of overweight and obese; refined grains and meat pattern and oils pattern were associated with the prevalence rate of hyperglycemia; vegetarian pattern and refined grains and meat pattern were associated with the prevalence rate of hypertension; vegetarian pattern, refined grains and meat pattern and oils pattern were associated with the prevalence rate of hyperlipoidemia; vegetarian pattern, refined grains and meat pattern and oils pattern all were associated with the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome.Conclusion1. The prevalence of overweight, obesity and hyperglycemia in professional women who had participated in the health examination in Jinan hypertension were higher than the findings of National Nutrition Survey. But the rate of hypertension, hyperlipoidemia and metabolic syndrome were lower than the average rate of the whole nation. The prevalence of overweight and obesity, hypertension and hyperlipoidemia were associated with career.2. Compared with the daily intake of types of food recommended by the Chinese Dietary Pagoda, the consumption of milk and derived products was lower than the recommended intake for professional women in Jinan. But the consumption of salt and oil was far more than the recommended intake. Women in different age groups used to eat different food. 3. Dietary patterns:four different dietary patterns named vegetarian pattern, fine grain and meat pattern, oils pattern and fish and vegetable pattern were obtained in professional women in Jinan. There were negative correlation between vegetarian pattern and leveis of BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and blood glucose concentration. And there were positive correlation between fine grain and meat pattern and leveis of BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose concentration and triglyceride concentration.4. High scores of vegetarian pattern had protective effect on overweight, hypertension and hyperlipoidemia. Higher scores of fine grain and meat pattern had higher risks of overweight hyperglycemia hypertension and hyperlipoidemia. Higher scores of oils pattern had higher risks of hyperlipoidemia and metabolic syndrome.