The Loss Of Railway Mining Rights In ShanXi Province In Late Qing Dynasty And The Recovery Of Mining Rights Campaign

Coal is one of the major energy in the human world since the eighteenth century, whohas injected a strong driving force for the modernization of the world economicdevelopment. After the opium war, With the deepening of the economic penetration ofWestern countries to China, the demand for mineral resources in China continue toincrease, especially coal resources has gradually become the main objective of thecountries competing, for the status of the province of Shanxi Coal as early as before theOpium War already been established in the world, Shanxi Natural mineral most intensecompetition area. Resource development and export needs to have a well-developedtransportation as a backup, control of the railway rights is extremely important. Shanxigovernor proposed "borrowing mining roads" program undoubtedly to create anopportunity to capital penetration of the Western countries. Thereafter, Shanxi railway andmining rights gradually lost in the opposition of the officials and the people of ShanxiProvince, falling into the hands of the British Peking and Russo-Chinese Bank. After theBoxer Movement, the Chinese and foreign situation, which has a deep influence on Shanxi,along with the spread of democratic ideas, People’s resource awareness and sovereignconsciousness gradually enhanced in Shanxi Province, Recover the economic rights callsfor increasingly high, Shanxi officials, gentry, suppliers, learn people from all walks of lifeto work together, made the final victory of the mineral rights movement recovery,recovery rights movement in the late Qing Dynasty banner, create the conditions for therise of national capitalism in the coal mining industry, opened a prelude to the modernmachine coal mining, to promote Shanxi modernization transformation.