| Society was composed of human, so face was a common stimulation among people. Through faces, we can obtain a lot of social information,such as appearance,gender, age, race and so on.. As a research hot of face recognition, the other-race effect (ORE) represented easier identification of individual faces from one’s own race comparing to other-race faces.Race effect had stability. Firstly, when participants with different ages were chose, race effect was fully reflected. Secondly, When researchers chose different research paradigms, race effect also existed. Thirdly, race effect was performed among various races. Finally, When researchers chose different measurement indexes, race effect was also fully reflected. From the beginning of twenty century, the stability of race effect promoted psychological researchers to carry on detailed investigation and research.At present, researchers have explained race effect from the view of the psychological mechanism. Five major hypotheses were accepted by most people, which were racial contact and attitude hypothesis, face space model hypothesis, structure-features hypothesis, racial attitudes, and racial division hypothesis. The theories, from special points, explained the possibility factors of race effect Considering all these theories, We can fully understand race effect.Previous research of other-race effect referred to behavior index, while one of the development trend in current psychology was to reveal the neural mechanisms of psychological phenomenon. So it was necessary to explore the neural mechanisms of race effect. So far, research has been taken about the neural mechanisms of race effect for adults.However, the research of neural mechanisms for children of the other-race effect was still in the blank. The reason was that children had no perfect executive function and their attention was easy to shift.As a result, they could not finish the experiment smoothly in the FMRI and ERP research. In recent years, Fnirs was introduced to psychology from medical field. It had some advantages so that the neural research of other-race effect on children became possible. Firstly, Fnirs had nor hurt for people. Secondly, it cost littler than FMRI. Finally. it was not sensitive for children’s small body movement. So this research attempted to use Fnirs to reveal the neural mechanisms of other-race effect for children.The paper included two experiments. we used the "learning-recognition" paradigm and the picture of Chinese and Caucasus as stimulus to research the infants’ORE in the first experiment. Besides, we used Fnirs to monitor subjects’cerebral cortex activation. We took the same paradigm and stimulus to research primary school children in the second experiment.The results of the present study showed that:(1) Only grade one among children subjects were significantly better when recognizing the own-race face than the other-race face.(2) The activity of oxygen hemoglobin caused by Chinese picture was significantly higher than that by Caucasus pictures in Cloth Los card area of right brain and visual cortex of left brain for infants.(3)For the frontal and occipital lobe of the brain regions, the activity of oxygen hemoglobin caused by Chinese picture was significantly higher than that by Caucasus pictures for grade three and grade five students,however, grade one displays the opposite results.(4)In the two sides’brain of the frontal lobe,age effect was fully reflected, which meant that older infants had significant higher activity of oxygen hemoglobin than younger infants.(5) For children, there was a significantly correlation between the behavior response and the cerebral cortex activity of ORE... |
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