On The Acquisition Of The NII Subject In Both The Finite Clauses And The Un-finite Clauses By The Foreign Students

The null subject is one kind of the empty category. The null subject is a frequently phenomenon in the Chinese language, it’s also the hot and difficult point in the research of Chinese, and it is studied and analyzed by many scholars. Though there are many arguments on the null subject in Chinese, their arguments have truly developed the theory of the Chinese empty category and lay the foundation of further research. The phenomenon of Chinese null subject is not related too much with the study on the acquisition of a second language at present. The appearance of the Chinese null subject is very flexible, which brings many problems to the foreign students in their study. According to the empty category of Chomsky and the current research, this paper analysis the Chinese null subject in bth the finiteness and the non-finiteness and research some revolved questions of the two kinds of acquisitions.This paper part the null subject to be the finiteness and the non-finiteness in Chinese. The modal verbs can not appear in the non-finite clauses in general, however, they may appear in the finite clauses, but do not have to. The aspect markers can’t follow after the verbs in the non-finite clauses, but the verbs in the finite clauses. It should be treated as the modal verbs of verbs in the main clauses when they appears in the clauses, and aspect markers "le" can only be in the clause. The pronoun "oneself" can only appear in the null subject position in the non-finite clauses, but any other form of words. The null subjects in the finite clauses are not affected by this limitation. It can refer to the components in the sentences or any component outside the sentences, or both.After clearing the difference between finiteness and non-finiteness, we discuss the null subject in the finite clauses and the non-finite clauses. These two kinds of null subjects exist in different sentence structures. The grammar characteristics of the different sentence structures are discrete and clear. The null subjects in the non-finite clauses mainly exist in four kinds of structure. First, the "verb+object" structure "N1+V1+e+V2"; Second, Chinese pivot structure "N1+V1+N2+e+V2"; Third, Chinese linkage structure "N1+V1+(N2)+e+V2"; Fourth, Chinese double object structure "N1+V1+N2+N3+e+V2". The null subjects in the finite clauses mainly exist in two kinds of different small classes:"N1+V1+e+V2" and"N1+V1+(N2)+e+V2".There are different verbs in the different structure and it is same to the same verb with different meanings. This paper makes a research into two kinds of verbs, one for the non-finiteness, such as "da suan"、"jue dingl"、"zhun bei"、"jiao2"、"qing1" and so on; one for the finiteness, such as "zhi dao"、"jue de2"、"xi wang"、"ren wei"、"tong yi"and so on.The survey of "The HSK Dynamic composition corpus" indicates that the acquisition sequence of the foreign students is from the null subject in the non-finiteness to the finiteness. In each small category in the non-finiteness, the null subject in the pivot structure is learnt firstly, and then the null subject in the linkage structure and the "verb+object" structure, and the null subject in the double object structure finally.The error analysis of the "HSK Dynamic composition corpus" indicates that error patterns of the null subject in non-finite clauses are:subject redundant in "verb+object" structure; misuse of the control about the null subjects; fault sequence about the null subjects in pivot structure. The error patterns of the null subject in finite clauses are:misuse null of subjects and leakage of null subjects. The main reason of these errors is mother tongue influence of foreign students, foreign students’ communication strategy, and difficult or easy degree of Chinese language grammar and the impact of the learning environment.The questionnaire survey to the foreign students indicates some phenomenon follow. Firstly, they get a higher correct rate of the judgment of the null subject in both the finiteness and the non-finiteness with a higher level in Chinese study. Secondly, the main effect of both kinds of subject is not notable enough, but the null subject in the non-finiteness is better. At last, without considering the difference of level, there is little difference among the students at the same level.There is no grammar outline of the null subject in New HSK Outline. Compiling Textbook Chinese course about null subjects follow these problems:the type of null subject sentence structure in the text is single; they tend to avoid using the structures which are more difficult or learnt later; there are no explains about the null subject phenomenon in the grammar points and exercise arrangements for students about how to study Chinese null is lacked. We put forward some advises towards the relevant questions.