Study On The Circulation System Of Land Ownership In The Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty, with the advanced commodity economy, and constant strengthening of thenational economic regulation, especially for the regulation of land, witnesses a fairly activecommodity trade. Land is the basic human production material since the ancient times, sorulers throughout the history adopt serious attitudes towards land problem. With the collapseof the average-land system in the later period of Tang Dynasty, the national control over landhas weakened gradually and the land annexation more and more serious. In the Song Dynasty,the rulers apply the land policy of "non-control of merger will not make non-establishment",which causes serious land annexation, speeds up the transfer of land rights, and landconcentration is getting higher and higher. Two song is a the historical period of the highdevelopment of private economy and the commodity economy, during which land as theestate, has become the major trading commodities, and the rich landlords and bureaucrats buytoo much land, which makes land possessed in few people’s hand. In the ancient society, thecountry’s main source of income is through the collection of taxes and rent of land, but mostof the land of Song Dynasty is possessed by the rich landlords and bureaucrats, which has anegative influence on the country’s economy. Facing this situation, the rulers of the land adopta series of trade restrictions, and, to some extent, limit the annexation of land，On the otherhand, the buying and selling of the land leads to the high concentration of land, and farmersoccupy few land, or even no land, which promotes the development of tenancy system in theSong Dynasty. The development of the land tenancy system separates the right to use land andthe possession right of land, and thus enables the right to use land to circulate independently,and improve the efficiency in the use of land, and, to some extent, improve the enthusiasm ofthe farmers’ production, so as to promote the agricultural production. The land system carriedout in the Song Dynasty, accelerates the circulation of the right to use land and the possessionright of land. Through the analysis the problem in the process of land trade and tenancy, wecan have a better understand about the development of social economy in Song Dynasty,which also has some effects on after researches, and even has a significant impact on to thecurrent land problem. Three aspects are discussed in this essay:he first part is the circulation system of land ownership in the Song Dynasty. First of all,the way of the land circulation is discussed; Then it comes to the general procedure of land circulation; finally the dispute resolutions to land circulation are discussed.The second part demonstrates the circulation system of land use right in theSongDynasty mainly from three aspects,namely, the land tenancy system,accounted of tenantright system and tenancy in perpetuity system.The third part presents the influence of the land circulation system from four aspects: theincrease of land privatization, the frequency of property rights transfer, the serious situation ofland concentration and merger, the separation of land ownership and use right and theexpansion of principal range land rights.