Approach To The Phenomena Of Ancient Chinese Bureaucracy

Partisan politics is a very important part of the bureaucracy in the ancientChina,it attracts the interest and diligent research of many scholars.Although partisanpolitics already is past, but some of the thoughts and the humanities about Partisanpolitics has been deposited in our history of China, is worth us the objective andrational evaluation, the author collected many ancient documents and articles aboutthe ancient Chinese Partisan politics, using the literature research method andcomparative research method, through the33articles of the ancient documents byarticle detailed interpretation and analysis, tries to explain the concept of the ancientsabout Partisan politics change characteristics and historical reproductivity, and checkthe complicated political society the practical problem nowadays.This paper mainly divided into three parts. the first part is the introduction,mainly in the selected topic the significance, the related research current situation, andthe train of thought, the method, the innovation and the insufficiency, etc aresummarized; The second part elaborated the Chinese ancient Partisan politics, andexplains the connotation of the Partisan politics, and the development in the ancientand modern times; The third part is about the ancient documents for detailedinterpretation and analysis, explore the concept of the ancients about Partisan politicschange rule and its historical limitations.Through the research, I found that Partisan politics as a kind of politicaldevelopment product, profoundly exist in Chinese historym and in the differenthistorical period have different change and development. Start from the pre-qindynasty, the ancients for Partisan politics positions and attitudes were different, andmay generally be divided into two views: one thinks Partisan politics in countries is amajor hazard, firmly opposed Partisan politics, and put forward the severe criticism;And the other argument that, Partisan politics divided into the party of gentlemen andthe party of villain,we can not deny that the the party of gentlemen’s advantage, andclaim support the party. Although, for the two standpoint, the controversy has beenexisted in ancient political history, marked, parties, due to the conditions that historyview limit, and many have limitations.At the same time, the ancients for the nature and discourse keynote of thePartisan was derogatory,after the Han dynasty and Tang dynasty, changed to beneutral in Song dynasty,and then finally head for the derogatory sense again in Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty. From the western zhou dynasty, the Spring and Autumnperiod and the warring states period that the Partisan politics has been discussed, thepartisan was defined as the derogatory sense of villain, endangering state and socialbehavior; Experienced the baptism of the political struggle in Han dynasty and Tangdynasty, the nature had a subtle change, and then ran to Song dynasty, the party ofgentlemen and the party of villain has been distinguished, afterwards develop to the"gentleman with the party", the "Partisan" became a neutral expression; In the Mingand qing dynasties, because of the rulers to demote and bureaucratic literati andofficialdom’s argument,"Partisan" was marked the derogatory labels and continuedown.But no doubt, the support of the factions of the argument are emerged as the eraof continuous development and present the new changes,and we Have to admit thatthe ancients for Partisan politics ideas more is affected by at that time of age inbackground, historical conditions, the effect of social environment and arises at thehistoric moment, all has the deep imprint of the era. So, It is for us to study thepolitical world which has complex situation provides a way to grope anddevelopment.