A Study On Current Situation And Influencing Factors Of Female Migrant Workers’ Social Security

Migrant workers’social security issue has been the focus of the society and academia. With the surge in the number of female migrant workers, scholars began to study gender differences in the social security of them. But the existing studies on female migrant workers’social security are mainly focused on the theoretical level and lack of systematic and comprehensive experience study. This study investigates the female migrant workers’social security of Wuhan City, Hubei Province from a gender perspective and analyses the factors that affect the status quo. According to these researches, this study puts forward suggestions for better access to women migrant workers’social security rights.Through empirical analysis, this study draw the following basic conclusions:First, the female migrant workers’overall participation of social security is at a lower level and the participation of the social insurance programs also at a lower level. There is a big deviation in the fit between female migrant workers’demand for social security and participation of social security. Second, the individual, family, corporate and institutional factors effect the female migrant workers’social security. From a personal perspective, individual characteristics, human capital, occupational characteristics, migrant experience, risk and institutional consciousness have a significant impact on women migrant workers ’participation of social insurance. The female migrant workers insured rate is inverted "U" type of different age. There is a higher rate in the group which having the skills training, engaging in the second industry, being technical staff and management, signing a labor contract with the enterprise, staying at the work space upon six years and having high consciousness of risk and institution. From the family perspective, the female migrant workers will have a high possibility of participation in the social insurance if they have the autonomy of the individual in the family. From the enterprise perspective, they will participate in the social insurance if the female migrant work in the state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. From the system perspective, the limit of the dual urban-rural household registration system, the imperfections of the Social Security System and the lack of publicity of the social security system are the important factors which create the status of female migrant workers’ social security. The binary regression model showed that, from all of these factors, whether to participate in skills training, work industry, whether they are managers, the duration of the work-space and nature of the enterprise have a very significant impact on their participation of social security. Vocational skills training is a direct exemplification of the human capital of the female migrant workers, work industry and the type of specific occupation are restricted by human capital of the female migrant workers, the time to the work space is an indirect exemplification of the human capital of the female migrant workers, the nature of the enterprise’impacts on female migrant workers are also mainly reflected through human capital.Thus, this study suggests that,without considering institutional factors, female migrant workers’human capital plays a decisive role in their social insurance participation.Based on the conclusions of this research, this study puts forward the following four policy suggestions that in order to improve the current situation of female migrant workers. First, strengthen vocational skills training of female migrant workers, enhance their human capital accumulation; Second, increase the propaganda of the relevant policies and laws and regulations, improve the insured consciousness of women migrant workers; Third, regulate the employment practices of corporate, and urge enterprises to participate in the insurance for female migrant workers; Fourth, improve the social security system to provide an institutional basis for female migrant workers’insured.