The Freedom Of The United States Of-Research On The Origin Of Modern American Liberal Thought

Western liberal tradition in general that can be traced back to ancient society, from ancientsociety to lay the concept of free citizens, to the constitutional philosophy advocated by the spirit of therepublican system and the legal system, to the medieval Christian doctrines and the spirit of theRenaissance as the spirit of humanism to grow and develop to provide a hotbed for survival. Liberalism isthe main school of thought in modern Western countries, from a few hundred years since the start of thebourgeois revolution, has always been capitalist countries mainstream political thinking. With thecontinuous development of the capitalist world political and economic, the basic point to constantly adjustand transform, but it has never changed his fundamental position, always adhere to the basic principles ofindividualism, the defenders of capitalism, political and economic order. Liberalism’s ideas played a majorrole in the field of ideology and social and political life and the profound impact has always been Westerncountries regarded as the mainstream ideology of the society as a whole, and most of the countriesestablished for the formulation of national policy and rule policy theoretical basis for the application.Modern American political thought by the influence of traditional ideas of Western liberalism,we can say that the U.S. Constitution reflects the modern political thought is the traditional ideology ofWestern liberalism, especially for the organic integration of the British and French political thought, is thetypical American creative use of pragmatic political thought in Britain and France, is a characteristics of theEnlightenment in the United States. The idea of the supremacy of the Constitution established by theUnited States in North America during the Revolutionary War to the formation of political thought, in fact,and British common law tradition, a close relative of the relationship, and gradually formed theConstitution is superior to the government and is superior to everything else the idea of the Basic Lawconcept. French political and ideological impact on the U.S. focused on the political thought ofMontesquieu and Rousseau, Montesquieu the rights of the people of checks and balances doctrine, andRousseau’s theory of sovereignty has deeply influenced the development of American political thought.From Paine’s "Common Sense" to Jefferson’s "British America the right to Overview," Notes on Virginia,and then unite to Federalists-Washington, Madison and Hamilton thought the "Federalist Papers" theDeclaration of Independence "was published, until the last United States Constitution to establish and implement, without exception, there is the shadow of Western liberal thought. The pragmatism of theAmerican mode of thinking, the United States combined with the facts of their own idea of natural law,developed with the United States the local characteristics of political thought, and put into practice.In addition to the introduction, is divided into four parts.The first part to sort out the development of liberal ideas of "natural rights" theory through theexposition of the theory of "natural rights" in the Western liberal tradition, and mining as well as modernpolitical thinkers on the Western liberal tradition of natural rights "theory the inheritance and development,to identify the logic of its development and the two correlation to analyze the historical origins of modernpolitical thought.The second part focuses on how the United States in the representative theory of modernliberalism under the influence of the development of representative from the United Kingdom withAmerican characteristics representative republic, the U.S. representative republican form of development isto establish a mature foundation for the development of the sovereignty of the people thinking in Americansociety., which Paine, Jefferson, who contributed to the inheritance and development of the ideas of"popular sovereignty" in the Western liberal tradition, which will be the third chapter in this paper in detail.The third part of the modern liberal ideas outstanding contribution-the separation of powerstheory. Decentralization idea was first seen in ancient Greek and Roman thought, the mixed regime andmodern is by Locke and Montesquieu’s separation of powers doctrine can be fully commence and carryforward the open. Reference to modern political thought of the inheritance and development of Westernliberal ideas on the separation of powers theory, political thinkers in the United States not only to play tothe extreme, more "practical wisdom" will develop into a set of specific reliable and mature system design.The fourth part is a summary of this article, based on the above analysis of modern politicalthought, summed up the development of its theoretical origins, and that its practical significance.