A Study On The Function Of The Sanxing Vice-generals Yaman In Qing Dynasty

The Sanxing vice-generals Yamen was the administrative agency which wasmilitary and political integration and set up by the Qing government in the Northeast.This agency was one of the five vice-generals Yamens under the dominion of theGeneral Jilin. The Sanxing vice-generals Yamen had juirsdiction over the lower reachesof the Songhua River and Amur River, Ussuri River and Sakhalin Island, It rulednumerous ethnic minorities including Hezhen, Fei Yaka, Qiaka La and so on. Thefunctions of the Sanxing vice-generals Yamen were military, civil affairs，nationalmanagement and economic management etc..The main body of this thesis is dividedinto three parts to generalize, list systematically and study military, nationalmanagement and home affairs and economic functions of the Sanxing vice-generalsYamen respectively.The military function of the Sanxing vice-generals Yamen was reflected by theBaqi Garrison and Karen stationed was the important form. The military function of theSanxing vice-generals Yamen had external and internal aspects: external aspect includedthe defense and the fight against the aggression of Russia and internal aspect includedthe active repression against the revolt of the people of the area and maintaining theruling order. The Sanxing vice-generals Yamen managed the minorities of the NortheastFrontier in two ways. On the one hand, making a part of these minorities becomeManchu; on the other hand，the rest of the minorities tributed mink to fulfill the state’sobligations. Managing tributing mink was one of the most important functions of theSanxing vice-generals Yamen. In addition the Yamen also heard a case among theminorities and managed general affairs about the marriage between minority men andManchu women. After the Chinese-Russian demarcation in1861，the Sanxingvice-generals Yamen actively appeased the Hezhen stayed in the territory and helpd tosettle down the minorities returned from Russia. The Sanxing vice-generals Yamen alsohad civil affairs function and economic management function. Civil affairs functionincluded managing the Manchu and Han people in the area, adjuvancy and a vairety ofjudicial affairs. Economic management function included managing the ginseng and mink trade etc., taxation and going through a number of industrial.The Sanxing vice-generals Yamen had some shortcomings in the development andoperation. On the whole, however, the Sanxing vice-generals Yamen had juirsdictionover the region of the Northeast effectively and played an important role on the stabilityof the border areas in177years. Studying the functions of the Sanxing vice-generalsYamen has important practical signiifcance for exploration of agency of setting up andborder management.