Research To The Theory Of The End Of History From Fukuyama Under Financial Crisis

In1989, Francis Fukuyama published an article named “the End of History?” onthe American journal National Interest expressing his idea that western liberaldemocracy has put an end to the development of human social system and humanideology. This theory received strong responses from the western academic world andmade a stir about it under the situation that former Soviet Union was suffering anupheaval and the international communist movement was getting low. Henceforth,Fukuyama expounded this article into a book named the End of History and the LastOne to decorate his theory and preach capitalism liberal democracy.The end of history theory, which is derived from Armageddon in westernChristian culture, is nothing new in western history; this theory was alsosystematically expounded by Germany philosopher Hegel, in whose perspective, theworld history was an absolutely spiritual evolution and gradually realizing process,and the absolute spirit had reached its spiritual limits and came to an end at Germanicera; in the view of Alexander Kojeve, a Hegelian, the master-slave dialectic wasdeemed as the motivation of human history development, and the ending phase wouldbe “universal and coessential states”. All the theories mentioned above laid atheoretical foundation of Fukuyama’s theory, from which, we could see that all thetheoretical base were religious or idealism. Besides, in essence, Fukuyama’s theorywas based on idealistic points viewing human nature as the motivation of the historydevelopment, western centrism points propagating capitalism universal value, aperfect theory denying the fundamental contradiction of capitalism, and ametaphysical view believing capitalism is the final phase of human history. To sum up,from the theoretical foundation and the essence of Fukuyama’s theory, we may sensethat this theory is not scientific and the conclusions are not true.In2008, an economic crisis, which started in America and turned into aninternational crisis, revealed the defects of capitalism. On the surface, this crisis iscaused by the America’s deficiency of supervising the financial derivatives; in essence,the cause of this crisis is still the contradiction between socialization of productionand private possession of production material. Because of this underlyingcontradiction, capitalism democracy is not as perfect as Fukuyama thought it wouldbe. Under the influence of consumerism trend, the laboring people became a slave tothe consuming and get deprived of their nature and the freedom to develop; under thecontrol of the developed western capitalism, the unreasonable “center--periphery”system is also ruthlessly exploiting the laboring people from countries other thandeveloped capitalism countries in the world. Under the influence of economic crisis,the laboring people in the developed capitalism countries was living a harder life than before and this led to the “occupy movements” protesting the greed of the capitalists,asking for their own legitimate economic interests. Marx gained an insight into thehypocrisy of the capitalism democracy, and he believed the mass laboring peoplewould never have a chance to enjoy the real democracy as long as we were nottransformed to proletarian dictatorship system.Under the background of the current financial crisis, the economic developmentof socialism with Chinese characteristics appears to outshine others proving thatadhering to the of communist party of China, adhering to the value of combination ofMarxism’s universal truth and China’s present nation condition, sticking to the rightcommunism path with Chinese characters. Achievements of the China model revealthe vitality and the bright future of socialism, communism, prove that Fukuyama’s theend of history theory is wrong. In contrast, the former Soviet Union and other eastEurope former communist countries gave up the rule of communist party, swervedfrom the Marxism path of building a socialism country, failed to find the right wayand get deluded by capitalist classes when confronting temporary frustrations, gave upleadership initiatively leading to the tragedy of the collapse of the former SovietUnion and tremendous change to East Europe. All this above prove Marx’s ideas ofhistorical development is right and scientific. And we are supposed to be clearlyaware that it is an inexorable trend for socialism to replace capitalism, but this is along and complicate historical process.