| Research shows that polysaccharides and flavonoids compounds of apple have a variety of biological activity, such as anti-oxidation, anti-virus, and less side effects and so on, it is widely used in medicine, food and other fields.Therefore, fetured hybrid late-maturing varietes of the experimental Pink Lady as the research object, and then using the more mature separation techniques in our laboratory, for the first time comparing the polysaccharide and flavonoids in pulp and peel of apple, and their structure characteristics and pharmacological activity have further research.The results in this study were follows:1The polysaccharide of Pink Lady apple peel and pulp (APP, AFP) extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. The total sugar content of APP and AFP were70.2%and61.7%, respectively. The peel flavonoids (APF) and pulp flavonoids (AFF) were extracted with the method70%ethanol ultrasonic. The yield of total flavonoids were4.82%and2.22%, respectively.2The results showed that the main monosaccharide composed of Pink Lady peel and pulp polysaccharide were D-Mannose, D-ribose, L-rhamnose, D-glucuronic acid, D-galacturonic acid, D-glucose, D-xylose, D-galactose and L-arabinose using the method of PMP pre-column derivatization HPLC-UV. In APP, their corresponding mole percentages were8.0,0.8,7.3,4.6,13.1,8.3,4.8,25.0, and27.9%respectively, while in AFP, their corresponding mole percentages were3.0,1.7,7.6,4.2,18.6,9.0,9.1,17.0, and29.7%, respectively. Apple flavonoids, the mainly standard products are Chorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, Epicatechin, Rutin, Quercetin-3-0-galactoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quercetin, phloretin, Genistein. Corresponding to the content of APF were4.3,0.5,1.3,8.1,38.6,71.9,0.5,0.1and0.4mg/g respectively. Further more, corresponding to the content of AFF were3.2,0.3,0.5,0.6,3.0and2.5mg/g respectively. However, quercetin, phloretin and genistein factors were not detected in AFF.3We evaluated antioxidant activity of polysaccharides and flavonoids compounds by the scavenging ability of DPPH· free radical, superoxide ion free radical, hydroxyl radical free radical and ferric-reducing power activity in vitro. The results showed that APP, AFP, APF and AFF had a certain antioxidant activity with a good dose-effect relationship. By comparison, APP and AFP as the concentration increased, the strength of activity is not obvious, but APF had stronger scavenging activity compared to AFF.4Successfully established model of liver injury in mice, evaluation of four kinds of sample APP, AFP, APF and AFF effect on liver damage mice by measuring the activity of the liver index, serum ALT, AST, LDH and liver homogenate MDA, SOD, GSH-Px enzyme, and combined with the pathological paraffin section observed. The results showed that pretreatment with four samples in liver index (HI), serum ALT, AST, LDH and liver homogenate MDA enzyme were significantly decreased, and SOD, GSH-Px enzyme were elevated compared to the model group. Analysis concluded that all the APP, AFP, APF and AFF have the protective effect of liver injury in mice and increased with samples concentration. At the same concentration, AFP had better effect than APP in hepatoprotective effects. However, flavonoids has a opposite role that APF was higher than AFF. It observed clearly in the model group, disorders of the liver cells that nuclear condensation, edge blur, dual-core serious phenomenon and the phenomenon of the sample group have been significantly increased, which illustrates the datas and conclusion in this experiments were truly and reliability. |
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