Morphine, Synthetic Cannabinoid HU210 NAC Effect On Glutamate Neurons Transfer Efficiency

The brain’s reward effects include all kinds of natural reward and some abused drugs, the two ways of reward is accompanied by brain kernel inside the mass of the nucleus accumbens a neurotransmitter, dopamine levels rise. Dopamine levels change depends on some neural pathways, such as pathways associated with addiction effect refers to the mesolimbic dopamine system (MLDS). Abused drug as stimulation through multiple ways to activate the mesolimbic dopamine system (MLDS) after raising the content of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, resulting in a reward. Mesolimbic dopamine system (MLDS) is the key to the reward system formed, which is located in the main structure of this system from ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain to the nucleus accumbens (NAC) regions between neural projection. Brain regions associated with reward effect the formation of many, almost from the forebrain distribution to the lateral part and other related areas of the brain, for example, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), Hippocampus (Hip).The nucleus accumbens is participation reward the important brain areas concerned in the nervous system, it may be possible to generate neuron structure and function change. Prefrontal cortex neural connections is extremely broad and complicated structure, as well as with other brain areas have rich and complex two-way between contact. The prefrontal cortex plays a regulatory structure of whole brain and guiding role, in accepting and integrated from different parts of the brain into all kinds of information from both inside and outside the body, and can integrate the efferent nerve impulses in a timely manner, so as to ensure the synergy of the nervous system as a whole and to achieve the unity of the whole senior psychological process.Glutamatergic synaptic projection from PFC to NAC. synaptic of glutamate can. reulatory reward effect play an important role.Addictive drugs used in clinical medicine, the earliest is to ease the pain of surgery and other diseases, such as morphine, cocaine, cannabis, but with the science and technology development, drug abuse phenomenon more and more serious, the drug addiction become a serious social problem, treatment of drug addiction has become a research hot spot. There are experiments focused on the interaction between two kinds of addictive drugs and influence each other. Each kind of function mechanism of addictive drugs, leading role is different areas may lead to different effects of different neurons. Some neurons exists on neurotransmitter coexistence phenomenon, so the coexistence between neurotransmitter can cause dependence and impact on function, structure, therefore the interaction between two kinds of addictive drugs become a feasibility study. Article shows the cannabinoid can change current changes in the VTA dopamine (DA) neurons, which induced the longterm-depression (LTD) effect. But many of the effects of psychotropic drugs effect are different with cannabinoid. such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine and alcohol makes brain regions in the VTA DA neurons changes of different current, which induced the longterm-potentiation (LTP) effect. As a result, different effects in the neurons of the mechanism of addictive drugs may be different, the different influence on synaptic plasticity at the same time, and even the opposite effect. This phenomenon shows that if the addictive drugs on the effect and mechanism of synaptic instead, so that if the joint application of two opposite effects of drugs, its effect may be offset each other in the role in the process of the neurons, which in turn in the animal behavior phenomenon above performance is neutrallizing effect. Some scholars to prove this inference and speculation, to animal combined injection of nicotine and synthetic cannabinoid HU210, the observation found that nicotine LTP phenomenon produced in the body and synthetic cannabinoid LTD phenomenon produced in the body can actually cancel each other out, and when the two drugs used in combination in behavior characterized by their respective before can produce (CPP)disappear. Another study suggests that in cocaine addiction caused by self to models, cannabinoid injection can obviously inhibit the behavior. At present, there are experiments have shown that acute morphine injection can increase Glutamate to the efficiency of synaptic transmission is by increasing the presynaptic transmitter release, the injection of cannabinoid cause glial cells in the Hippocampus lead glutamate release a quantity to drop. Injection of morphine can make the VTA DA neurons to produce LTP. Cannabinoid injection can induce the VTA generated LTD. While for the interaction between these two kinds of addictive drugs and its influence, it is not clear.To explore two addictive drugs into the nervous system in brain regions between brain regions NAc and PFC can synaptic Glutamate on the formation of the addictive drugs interactions, specific changes and its mechanism, this study use. of adult rats in vivo field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) induced by electric stimulating PFC-NAC projection fibers were recorded to evaluate the change on glutamagergic synaptic transmission in NAC shell. Acute inject morphine and acute treatment of synthetic cannabinoid synaptic changes in EPSP glutamic acid and acute inject synthetic cannabinoid after acute treatment acute change of EPSP Glutamate injection of morphine. Results show that compared with the control group, after acute morphine injection, injection again synthetic cannabinoid20-30min, the EPSP has increasing trend. But after acute cannabinoid injection, injection of morphine again, the effect of morphine can’t keep, prompt two kinds of receptors in NAC may be influence each other.After summing up the above experimental results:acute morphine, PFC-NAc glutamate neurotransmitter release a quantity to increase, to shows EPSP was significantly increased; Again after1hour after injecting artificial cannabinoid HU210, NAc neurons has some increase in the short term trend changed on EPSP. And will exchange order this two kinds of addictive drugs injection, will get some different result, suggest that there are mutual influence between the two kinds of addictive drugs, may be the specific mechanism for the interaction between receptor. Opioid receptors and cannabinoid receptor is widely expressed in the brain’s neurons,and coexist in some areas. This receptor changes in drug addiction and drug withdrawal process plays an extremely important role, this experiment results can provide two kinds of interactions of the addictive drugs and drug addiction provides the certain reference value.