Papal States And Its Management 12,13 Century

They are the estate over which the Roman Pontiffs exercised a sovereign civil rule.Papal State established in the eighth century, till the year of1870Ita-ly had been finished the unity of the nation state,and the secular rule of the papal had been deprived, only left the Vatican to be the spiritual territory.The Papal State had thousands of years history,and it had a very important place in the history of the Church.This article aims to explore in the12th-13th centuries the variation of the territory of Papal States, and the papal dominated to the Papal States. Through the study of the historic changes of the territory and the management of the Papal State,explore the importance of the Papal State to the Popes.This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin of the Papal States. Papal secular sovereignty was not come overnight, but along with the development of the papacy which was gradually established. Pope Gregory I had carefully managed’the Patrimony of St.Peter’ which laid the economic foundation of for the establishment of the Papal States. In the ei ghth century, Papal State had been established on the basis of the " the Donati ons of Pepin ".The second chapter focuses on the struggle of the religious right and the secular monarchical in12-13century and the changes of the extent of secular rule in the Papal States. The12-13the century is an important period in which the power of papal had rosen, along with papal power going to its peak, whi le pope wished achieved his secular rule in the greater area. In the13th centu ry when Pope Innocent Ⅲ reigned, the territory of Papal State had been confir med,and pope had established the secualar rule to the middle of the Italy.Chapter3is researching in the12th-13th century, papal policy of the Pap al States and the management of the Papal States. Pope divided the Papal Stat e into provinces and set the officers who as the representative of the pope to secular rule. Plenty of official salaries expense and the costly military expendit ure consisted the main part of the administrative cost of the Papal State,in ord er to maintain the secular rule to the Papal State,pope spent lots administration cost.