| Since the professionalism of Chinese football team in1994,corruptions have sprung up everywhere, either in the former FootballLeague A or in today’s Super League competitions. From the GongJian-ping Case in2002to the Big Trial in2012, the long existence ofbribery in football competitions has resulted in numerous match-fixingscandals. Under the mechanism of Professional Football League, thephenomena of officials from Football Associations, football referees,players, and managers as well as coaches colluding and collaborating witheach other, committing joint bribery and match-fixing are rathercommonplaces. Since joint bribery in football competitions shows morecomplexities in merits than committing bribery crime alone, and that everysubject plays a different role, investigations are harder to conduct anddiscretions are harder to master for judiciary. It is a challenge both intheory and in practice as to the appropriate conviction and sentencing ofjoint bribery crimes in football competitions.From the perspective of anti-corruption cases in football competitions,this thesis conducts an in-depth research on the common issues of jointbribery related to football competitions. The full text is divided into fourparts: Chapter One is a brief introduction to cases, including reviews oftypical match-fixing cases and the abstract of common issues; ChapterTwo discusses the determination of joint bribery, focusing mainly on theissue of whether the person committing bribery is required to have anaccurate understanding of bribery sum, and the issue of pluralcharacteristics of joint bribery commitments; Chapter Three discusses thenature of subjects with different roles, and forms a general rule to dealwith bribery of officials from Football Associations and non-officials,based on the determination of natures of officials, referees, players,coaches and managers; Chapter Four discusses the differences betweenintroducing a bribe and committing joint bribery, focusing mainly ondistinguishing standard. |
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