Huizhou Jinshi And Huizhou Society In Qing Dynasty

The Imperial Examinations has been an important means for the ruler to gather talents since Emperor Sui Yang established Jinshi (a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations). Since Jinshi has an important political and social function in our traditional society, so they are the elites.To some extent, the number of Jinshi signified the number of tslent in a given place. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the students of Huizhou have made brilliant achievements in the Imperial Examinations; and other parts of the country are far behind here. On the one hand, there is a large number of Jinshi in Huizhou in Qing dynasty; on the other hand the world is amazing that most of the Huizhou Jinshi standing in high rank official positions after they entering political stratum.We say this is not an accidental phenomenon, because the special natural environment and unique humanities environment play an important role in the grouth of Huizhou scholars.The article will discusse three questions such as the number and distribution of Huizhou scholars, the reason of Jinshi talented; also the academic and political achievements of Huizhou Jinshi after they entering political stratum.This paper mainly investigates the quantitative distribution of the Huizhou Jinshi in the Qing dynasty. It analyzes natural and human factors of Huizhou society, which have promote the development of Jinshi. At the same time, it focuses on political life and academic life of Huizhou Jnshi as well. The first chapter is about the quantity and distribution of Huizhou Jinshi in the Qing dynasty. It mainly presents the differences in the time, county, and distribution of the family through the chart and other data of Huizhou Jinshi. It also pays close attention to prominent officials of Jinshi in Shexian. The second chapter is that Huizhou society cultivates Huizhou Jinshi. It inspects Huizhou’s special natural and human environment and their promoting effect to Huizhou Jinshi. The disgusting natural environment forced Huizhou people to pass the imperial examinations in order to change their own destiny. The growth and success of Huizhou Jinshi, can’t do without the good social atmosphere, powerful clan society, good family education and the generous assistance of Huizhou merchants. The third chapter discusses political life and academic life of Huizhou Jnshi. It principally takes CaoWenzhi and CaoZhenyong’s political and academic achievement as examples so as to inspect the interaction of Huizhou Jinshi, local society and feudal state.Cao Wenzhi was born in She Xian, Anhui province. She Xian was famous for its academic achievement in Qing dynasty, and Xiong village was the most important place of She Xian. He was very clever when he was young, and at the age of6he went to reading outside. He was deeply appreciated by his teacher when he read in Zhushan academy. He had a close connection with his elders and teachers of the same place. Therefore, his learning was deeply influenced by the Huizhou culture, local custom, and the renowned villager. He held the post of Ministers of punishments, the soldiers, the labor, the family history. He also contacted closely with dignitaries and the court etiquette. The emperor favored him very much.He served as the compiling in the academician courtyard, promoted as the company bachelor in academician courtyard. He also covered in Jiangxi province, to build a trial court and tents for local students. At that time, a lot of letters, protege surrounded around him. In old age, he went back home and committed to academic research wholeheartedly. Besides, he advocated building ancient Ziyang academy, falling in love in the home education career.He taught his children they should loyal to the country and the emperor. His son Cao Zhenyong remembed his father’s teachings, so his career of official was going smoothly. At the same time it went to the highest degree in Daoguang dynasty. CaoZhenyong supported a series of reform on participate in the poitical, economic, military and other aspects. Also he built academy for the poor students, falling in love with the home education career. Cao and his son had a wide range circle of friends, and had a close relationship with some famous scholars, such as Cheng Changqi, Qian da-xin, and Weng Fanggang. Because of their special identity and status, the communication with their friends had a profound impact to the politics and literature. As the important representatives of great Confucian scholar in ancient China, their words and deeds of the state and society has a direct or indirect influence. Their suggestion and measures in the national construction, talent selection, the official appointment, people’s livelihood and so on, produced a huge role on consolidate the development of feudal state.