Target identification relies mainly on the infrared radiation that the infrared detector received in the deep space. Deep space test is limited by many factors. So we need to calculation the temperature field and the infrared radiation characteristics of the target for the simulation test. This paper researched the key issues of the deep space target infrared radiation characteristics. And the reconstruction method of temperature field and the visualization technology in the satellite thermal control test were researched.In this paper, the main work includes:(1) The paper analysed the kinematic characteristics of the deep space target. We calculated the target’s orbit parameters, posture, and judged whether the target is in the sunshine area to confirm the position and surrounding environment of the target. The rate of absorption and emission on the surface was determined by checking the material parameters. Thermal balance equations for each target cell were established. The temperature field of the target was calculated with the finite volume method. Finally, the paper analysed the target infrared radiation characteristics on the surface.(2) In the simulation system, it needs to generate a large number of images for the point target. So the simplified calculation of the infrared radiation characteristics was discussed.This paper proposed two simplified calculation methods. The simplified calculation method based on the look-up table established the radiation intensity look-up table for each point on the flying path when the target is recognized as a point target. And we check the look-up table for the radiation intensity. The simplified calculation method based on the finite volume method simplified the grid on the surface and reduces the number of equations. These two methods both simplified the calculation effectively. Finally, they were used in the simulation system.(3) The satellite’s distribution of the temperature field is described. The paper introduced the distribution of temperature measuring points in the satellite. A method of the temperature field reconstruction based on the satellite’s structure was proposed. By establishing the thermal balance equation we found the main factors influencing the measuring points’ temperature. And then it achieved the goal of reconstructing the internal temperature field of the satellite. In this paper, we completed the satellite’s temperature field reconstruction for several types of internal structures. Finally, the temperature field reconstruction method was applied to the three-dimensional temperature display system, and it achieved a good effect.