| Chemical fertilizer played an important role for the increase of rice production in Jiangsu province, but also promoted the rural economic development in Jiangsu Province for a great extent. However, the increasing input of chemical fertilizer also brought serious environment pollution to the atmosphere, water and soil in Jiangsu province Although nowadays people aware that fertilizer application have a negative impact on the agricultural environment and agricultural sustainable development probably, But the effective control, measures of management of science and reasonable fertilization in household has not been found so far. Therefore at this background, this article start from the economic externality theory, and on this basis study the present situation of the farmers’fertilizer application in Jiangsu Province, using the theory of emergy analysis to calculate farmers’ the external environmental cost of fertilizer input in planting rice, analyzing the influence factors of farmer’s fertilization quantity, and then put forward reasonable policy suggestions for the effective control of environmental pollution that caused by farmers’ excessive fertilization. Thus we should reduce the quantity of fertilizer in farmers’rice cultivation and optimise fertilizer input structure. And then improve the fertilizer utilization, reduce and solve the pollution problems which caused by the excessive fertilizer and unreasonable application effectively, implement agriculture and sustainable development of ecological environment finally.This paper choose Jiangsu Province as the research object, which has a relatively developed economy and a relatively serious agricultural pollution, then this paper is divided into six chapters which elaborated the fertilizer input condition of rice planting in Jiangsu Province, external environment cost, the factors that influence farmers’fertilization behavior and environment management methods. The main contents are as follows:The first chapter mainly including the research background, the problems put forward, research purpose, methods and relevant literature review.The second chapter mainly expounds the theoretical foundation of this paper and expounds the market mechanism in the treatment of the externality of theoretical defect. This article puts forward the key to changing market failure is to include the environmental value and social costs into the agricultural production function.This can be effectively constraint peasant household production behavior.The third chapter mainly analyzes the present situation of chemical fertilizer of rice planting in Jiangsu province from the macro and micro levels. This part mainly expounds the amount of chemical fertilizeres, the structure and strength of chemical fertilizer in rice production. This paper uses the CD production function to analyze the impact of the current input of chemical fertilizer in rice cultivation in Jiangsu Province and finds the chemical fertilizer has a negative effect on rice production. And now farmers use excessive chemical fertilizer in the rice cultivation.The forth chapter uses energy analysis theory to estimate the external costs of chemical fertilizer in rice cultivation in Jiangsu Province.In Jiangsu province the external environmental costs of per unit chemical fertilizer in rice planting in2010was1.07Yuan/kg.The fifth chapter puts the environmental costs generated by the application of chemical fertilizer into rice production function and estimates the best quality of chemical fertilizer in rice cultivation if considering the environmental cost generated by the application of chemical fertilizer in rice production is24.67kg/mu. But the quality of chemical fertilizers in the three areas was100.36kg/mu,95.83kg/mu,104.36kg/mu and all exceeded24.67kg/mu and also exceeded the best fertilizer inputs32.03kg/mu if getting economic benefits. So we can conclude the farmers in Jiangsu Province use excessive chemical fertilizer in rice cultivation. This paper analyzes the factors that affect the chemical fertilizers behavior of farmers.The sixth chapter draws the main conclusions based on the analysis of the paper and asks the following policy recommendations:We should fundamentally change agricultural production by putting the external environmental costs into the cost accounting system; And accelerate the development of the rural economy and improve the environmental awareness of farmers; Also we should ensure the stability of farmers’ land property rights and adjust the agricultural structure legitimately. This paper puts forward some suggestions such as emissions trading and environmental taxes means to control the pollution caused by chemical fertilizers... |
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