The Empirical Research On Rural Financial Exclusion In West Of China

Western regions including Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Tibet, Xinxiang, Inner Mongolia, a dozen provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, the land area of686.7square kilometers, accounting for71.5%of the national land area. In2012, the western region a total population of364million people, including the rural population of201million people, accounting for55.27%of the total population in the west. In western rural areas, however, due to the geographical environment is poor, backward economy and other reasons, the vast rural residents excluded from the existing financial system, they still can’t equally enjoy financial services. On the basis of the predecessors, this article explore the western region deep reason of the existence of rural financial exclusion and provide a new theory to the research of financial exclusion tools and perspectives, and put forward effective solutions to ease the financial exclusion, promote the sustainable development of rural economy in the western region.First of all, the scholars at home and abroad of the existing research results, this paper, theoretical analysis of financial exclusion from multiple aspects. Including financial exclusive research history, background and definition, classification, formation mechanism, the effect of, to evaluate the condition of financial exclusion and reason analysis, and so on. These theoretical research is able to help us understand the issues that we need to study.Secondly, this paper respectively from the overall analysis and the method of six dimensions of Kempson and Whyley, to analyze the status of the western region of financial exclusion. Analysis results are as follows:(1) The formal financial institutions node quantity many, but the per capita number of outlets, and there are a large number of villages and towns doesn’t even have a financial institution network conditions; Rural credit cooperatives to become the largest number of financial institutions in rural network, the second is the China postal savings and the agricultural bank of China.(2) Farmers access to loans in the number of all the proportion of farmers, farmers, even those who can obtain loans they received the loan amount is hard to meet their needs.(3) The western region of rural financial institutions service personnel the number of serious deficiencies, financial institutions will not marketing focus on rural areas.(4) The new type of financial institutions on the number of institutions, network and support rural development efforts are not enough.Once again, we use the variation coefficient method to build the financial exclusion index, accounting for the provinces in western China rural financial exclusion degree, the following conclusions:(1) The provinces in western China are very high degree of financial exclusion;(2) The difference between financial exclusion of provincial or larger, western region of the province of the degree of financial exclusion from low to high order for Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Shanxi, Sichuan, Gansu, Yunnan, Qinghai province, Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangxi. From a realistic point of view, the western region causes of financial exclusion including farmers subject, geographical environment, economic environment and credit environment four aspects factors.Then, this paper USES the panel model of the effect factors of the western region rural financial exclusion are analyzed, from the perspective of significance, in addition to employment and education level of rural financial impact was not significant, other variables were significantly. From the point of the positive and negative relationship, income, education level, rural economic growth and urbanization rate deepened the degree of financial exclusion, while employment and fiscal expenditure of financial exclusion has played a relief.Finally, we think that to alleviate the situation of the rural financial exclusion in western, from you to complete credit reporting system, and promote the diversified development of the rural finance organization, perfect rural financial infrastructure and optimize the credit environment four aspects of the effort.