Spatial Distribution Characteristics Of Air Pollution In China During The Period Of Wide Range Haze

With rapid development of economy as well as industrialization and urbanization, urban expansion, quick growth in vehicles and industrial emissions are becoming increasingly evident. Air pollution has become one of the biggest challenges facing the world, which has a major impact on the climate, environment and human health, so that high attention should be paid to the government. China’s urban air pollution is becoming more and more worse, causing a serious impediment to economic development and people’s quality of life, it will threaten human’s survival in the future. In recent years, the results of epidemiological studies confirmed the closely related air pollutants on human health. Owning to foreign research, the health damage caused by air pollution caused total losses of environmental pollution. Therefore, wide study on air pollution during the haza can help us understand, predict and control the spatial distribution, and provide scientific reference.In this paper, during the haze(in the spring and winter of January, 2011~December, 2013) API data, we analyze spatial and temporal variation of the air pollution index. On this basis, further use instantaneous air pollutant data from November 2013 to December 2013 daily 10:00 to analyze spatial and temporal variation of the concentration of pollutants during the large-scale haze. Ground stations are for compensating the lack of data. This paper also used to estimating the spatial distribution of MODIS product of particulate matters during a wide range of haze, revealing tendency to spread pollutants in the atmosphere near the ground, spatial distribution and initial exploration of a wide range of haze formation reasons. The results showed that:(1)Harnessing of 120 major cities nationwide to publish daily air pollution index(API) data, obtained during the air pollution index variation haze large range: Nearly three years from the season, the national air quality shows spring is waning and winter is gradually increasing. From the year, nearly to the national air pollution is getting worse, API values are greater than 200 cities, showing the northwest and gradually extended to the middle-east trend.(2)Using 118 key cities nationwide of air pollutant concentrations(PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2) data, analyzing spatial distribution of various pollutants derived as follows: initial high PM2.5 concentrations on the central region of Inner Mongolia, after mainly in Yunnan, Guizhou Plateau, and finally in the west and northeast Liaoning coastal areas. High concentrations on(151μg? m-3~200μg?m-3) an area of rising over time, covering most of the country except the eastern and southern coastal areas in Inner Mongolia outside, showing air pollution worsening posture; PM10 moderately polluted concentration(201μg?m-3~270μg?m-3) and mild polluted area(135μg?m-3~200μg?m-3) the distribution of large area, from November 22 to December 15 showing a rising trend, the distribution area covers almost the entire northwest, central, and northern of china, and then expand to the south and northeast regions. PM10 concentrations less than 50μg?m-3 in the little area, only scattered in the Sichuan Basin and Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia and other places; NO2 concentrations greater than 100μg?m-3 and above slightly less polluted area, only in 11.15~12.05, mainly in the north and west and central Xinjiang, Shandong. NO2 concentration of 50μg?m-3~100μg?m-3 in the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hubei, Shandong and Henan basically centered on expansion and change dissipated. Overall, the changes in NO2 concentrations showed increasing trend, peaked at 11.25~11.29; NO2 concentration was significantly higher than the eastern region west; SO2 concentrations greater than 235μg? m-3 moderate area and above polluted surface active less, appeared in 11.15~12.05,only distributed in two regions: the north-central and south-central Shandong Province, Hebei Province, Henan Province; range maximum time period is 11.30~12.05. SO2 concentration171μg?m-3~270μg? m-3 moderately polluted area mostly located in the north of the Huaihe River, approximately zonal distribution.(3)The use of MODIS data, such as Beijing, Tianjin particulate matter(PM2.5) during a wide range of remote sensing estimates haze, the results shows that: remote sensing estimates of the size of the ground closed to the value of the monitoring results, both in the distribution trend of good performance consistency correlation coefficient of 0.78, and the error is relatively small. Using EOF method to analyze the spatial and temporal variation through the first and second modes, and comprehensively analyze of the time factor, as time goes on into the winter, Beijing, Tianjin particulate matter concentration showing an increasing trend, thus showing the air pollution worse and worse.