Determination Of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride, Zinc Ion And Cupric Ion Based On ECL Of Ru（Phen）₃²⁺

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (abbreviated as ECL) is the process where light emission takes place as a consequence of high-energy electron-transfer reactions. The reaction takes place at the surface of electrode resulting in formation of excited state species. ECL has been proven to be a novel and powerful analytical technique as it combines the advantage of chemiluminescence and electrochemistry. The ECL technology has been extensively applied in many fields because of its high sensitivity, a wide range of analytical applications, conveniennce in operation, fast analyzing speed, and good stability ect. Ru(phen)32+ was applied to detect chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ), zinc ion and cupric ion in the paper due to its excellent electrochemical luminescence performance.Firstly, Ru(phen)32+ and Ru(bpy)32+ were employed to determine CPZ at the glass carbon electrode (GC) and graphene oxide (GO) modified GC electrode, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the dynamic ranges are 1.0 × 10-8～1.0×10-4mol·L-1,1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol mol·L-1 for CPZ at the GC electrode, and the detection limit are 1.0 × 10-8 mol·L-1,1.0 ×10-6mol·L-1 (S/N≥3), respectively. However, the linear ranges are 1.0 × 10-11～1.0 × 10-7 mol·L-1,1.0 × 10-10～1.0 × 10-6 mol·L-1 at the GO modified GC electrode, and the detection limits can be reduced further to 1.0 × 10-11 mol·L-1,1.0 × 10-10 mol·L-1, respectively. By comparing the above test results, it was observed that the further detection limits of CPZ were obtained at the GO modified GC electrode; the result was satisfactory.Secondly, a new method for determination of zinc ion has been established based on ECL of Ru(phen)32+/1,10-phenanthroline (phen). It provides a possibility for detecting zinc ion due to the coordination effects of zinc ion and phen, because the ECL of Ru(phen)32+/phen would be changed with zinc ion spiked into them. The experimental results indicate that the ECL of Ru(phen)32+/phen was used to detect zion ion with a linear range of 1.0 × 10-10～1.0 × 10-6 mol·L-1 in 0.1 mol·L-1 phosphate butter (pH=10), and the detection limit can be reached to 1.0 × 10-10 mol·L-1. The proposed method for determining zinc ion offers effective means with high sensitivity, low detection limit and good reproducibility.Finally, ECL of the Ru(phen)32+/1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) was employed to determine cupric ion at the first time. The redox reactions were taken place between Ru(phen)32+ and cyclam due to cyclam acting as an excellent coreactant. As a result, the ECL intensity of Ru(phen)32+ was enhanced. Cupric ion has a strong complexation ability with cyclam, which, as a result, lead to a descreament in ECL intensity of Ru(phen)32+/cyclam. According to the ECL change, the purpose for determination of cupric ion can be achieved within the certain concentration range. A linear response for cupric ion over a concentration of 1.0×10-9～1.0×10-5 mol·L-1 was obtained based on ECL of Ru(phen)32+/cyclam in 0.1 mol·L-1 phosphate butter (pH=9), and the detection limit is 1.0×10-9 mol·L-1 within a relative standard deviation of 4.49%. The proposed method can be applied to the determination of cupric ion with good reproducibility and stability.