Analysis Of Characteristics Of Time And Space About Main Atmospheric Pollutants In China, 2014

This paper uses the data of air pollution about NO₂, SO₂, CO, PM2.5, PM10 which have had been monitored in 161 prefecture level cities by Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2014 and analyses the current situation of air quality as well as the seasonal and monthly variation characteristics of air pollution. Then, through the comparative analysis in the different regions and the difference analysis about the air pollution in different cities, we explain the main reasons which have influenced the change of Chinese air pollution, we can come to the following conclusions:I. Current situation of Chinese air quality in different regionsThe air quality of China is not optimistic in 2014. The ratio of reaching the standard days which the Ministry of Environmental Protection puts an emphasis on the 161 cities is between 21.37%⁹9.73%, the average number of days is 68.49%, the ratio of the average above standard days is 31.51%, the light pollution accounts for 19.81%, the moderate pollution accounts for 6.72%, and the severe pollution accounts for 3.96%, the serious pollution accounts for 1.01%.The high concentrations of PM2.5 mainly distributes in Beijing, Tianjin, the middle and the west part of Shandong province, the middle and the south of Henan province and the most region in Hubei province; The high concentrations of PM10 mainly distributes in the south of Hebei province and Xinjiang Tarim region, including the Korla region, its PM10 annual average concentration is 232.62μg/m3; The high concentrations of NO₂ mainly distributes in the north, the Yangtze River delta plain, Urumqi in Xinjiang and other regions; The high concentrations of SO₂ mainly distributes in the north, the central region of Inner Mongolia; The high concentration of CO mainly distributes in the central area of Inner Mongolia, the most area of Hebei province, the whole Shanxi province, the most area of Shaanxi province, the northwest area of Henan province and Shandong province; Consequencely.According to urban ambient air quality index evaluation,the top 10 cities which have relatively good air quality in 2014 are Lhasa, Sanya, Yuxi, Xiamen, Haikou, Kunming, Zhanjiang, Fuzhou, Qujing, Shenzhen; These 10 cities which has the poor air quality are Xingtai, Baoding, Hengshui, Handan, Shijiazhuang, Zibo, Liaocheng, Jinan, Dezhou, Heze.II.Seasonal variation characteristics of the major air pollution in different regions of China in 2014PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO₂ have had the worst influence in winter,this is mainly because of the increase on the winter heating and coal-fired and it has a corresponding increase in the amount of exhaust gas emissions into the air, as a result,it is adding to the pollution;In addition, the frequency of winter weather inversion appears larger, it is not conducive to the spread of pollutants and results in the high concentrations of pollutants.The concentration is small in summer, this is mainly due to the poor stability of the summer atmosphere,It is conducive to the spread of pollutants and the amount of precipitation is big, playing a leaching role and diluting the concentration. The seasonal variations characteristics of NO₂ concentration is not particularly obvious, the concentration in winter is slightly higher than the other seasons, it shows that the concentration of NO₂ in winter is the result of coal-fired heating and motor vehicle exhaust.III. Monthly variation characteristics in different regions of China in 2014The AQI Monthly variation is general agreement in seven regions of China, there are still differences in each region. From time to look at features, the AQI is the lowest of the year from May to September and reaches its maximum from November to the following February, this phenomenon is more evident in the north of China.The PM2.5 is a major factor to affect the AQI. In the view of spatial characteristics, the whole eastern part of AQI index is greater than the western region, which is the highest in North China, while the AQI of the southern region is overall best.IV. Count the analysis conclusionsThrough SPSS19.0 software for environmental monitoring of 161 urban cluster analysis and principal component analysis, the results show that by principal component analysis and cluster analysis, respectively, and influencing factors of atmospheric pollution in our country city basic consistent.